Cutter, William. New England Families Genealogical & Memorial, Vol. I, 3rd Series, New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1915.
- Bradford
Cutter, William. New England Families Genealogical & Memorial, Vol. II, New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1913.
The Fitch Line - (I) Thomas Fitch [our uncle], immigrant ancestor, was born in England, and settled at Norwalk, Connecticut, where he was in 1663 "its wealthiest citizen," dying there in 1704. He was one of the five sons of Thomas Fitch, of Braintree, England, born 1590, died 1632, who came to New England with their mother about 1638. He married Anna Stacey, November 18, 1632.
Children:
- Thomas, whose great-grandson was colonial governor of Connecticut
- John, b. at Norwalk, CT. He married Rebecca, daughter of Henry Lindall, Dec. 3, 1674
- Mary
- Ann
- Sarah
- Samuel
The Talcott Line - (III) John (3) Talcott [uncle] the founder of this family was born in Braintree, county Essex, England, died in Hartford, Connecticut in March 1660. He was the son of John (2) & Ann (Skinner) Talcott, and the grandson of John (I) and (--?--) (Wells) Talcott, of Colchester, England. He married Dorothy [Mary?] daughter of John & Alice (Harrington) Mott, of Eyland and Wiston, county Suffolk, England.
Children:
- Mary, married June 28, 1649, Rev. John Russell
- John, d. July 23, 1688, md. 1) Oct. 29, 1650 Helena Wakeman, 2) Nov. 9, 1676 Mary Cook
- Captain Samuel Talcott b. Cambridge, MA ca. 1635, d. Wethersfield, CT, Nov. 10, 1691. He md. 1) Nov. 7, 1661, Hannah, daughter of Captain Elizur & Mary (Pynchon) Holyoke, 2) Aug. 6, 1679 Mary (--?--) who died Jan. 5, 1710-11.
The Bradford Line - (I) William Bradford [grandpa], son of William Bradford, of Austerfield , England, Yorkshire county, was born in 1561, and died in 1591. He married 1584, Alice, daughter of John Hanson.
(II) William [grandpa], son of William Bradford, was governor of the Plymouth Colony thirty-one years. He married (first) in England, Dorothy May, who was drowned shortly after her arrival in this country. He married (second), August 14, 1623 Alice (Carpenter) Southworth [grandma], born in 1590, died March 26, 1670.
(III) Major William Bradford, son of Governor William & Alice (Carpenter) (Southworth) Bradford, was born June 17, 1624, and died February 20, 1703-04. He married (first) Alice Richards, of Weymouth, and had sons: John, William, Thomas and Samuel. He married (second) Widow Wiswell [this should be Sarah (--?--) Griswold, grandma] and had Joseph. He married (third) Mary, daughter of Deacon John Atwood, of Plymouth, and widow of Rev. John Holmes, the first minister of Duxbury; sons by this marriage: Israel, Ephraim, David & Hezekiah. In his will, dated June 29, 1703, he mentions daughters: Mercy Steel, Hannah Ripley, Melatiah Steel, Mary Hunt, Alice Fitch and Sarah Barker.
[Mary Atwood has been revised to Mary Wood, I do not have her parents names]
Robert (2) Peck [grandpa], son of Robert (I) Peck, of Beccles, county Suffolk, England, was of Norfolkshire, England. In 1638 he was granted seven acres of land in Hingham, Massachusetts, on Bachelor (Main) street, near the present meeting house of the First Parish. On November 28, 1638, he was ordained teacher of the church. He studied at Magdalen College, Cambridge, and for over thirty years was minister at Hingham, county Norfolk, England. In 1638 he came with his wife, two children and two servants, in the ship Diligent. He was made freeman, March 13, 1639. On October 27, 1641, he started home with his wife and son Joseph and returned to his old parsonage, where he died in 1656 [England]. The following is taken from a short sketch by Walter Rye, editor of the Norfolkshire, England, Antiquarian Miscellany: "Another native was the Rev. Robert Peck, a great schismatic, who being prosecuted for various illegal alterations he had made in the church fled to America . . . He returned to England when his party got into power." He had children:
- Joseph
- [Anne] who married, July 1639, Captain John Mason
(I) Joseph Peck, who is believed to have been a brother of Robert Peck, mentioned above, came to Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. He also had a grant of seven acres of land on Bachelor (Main) street, near what is now the corner of Main and Water streets. Cushing's record of 1638 says that he came from Hingham, England, with three sons, a daughter, two men servants, and three maid servants. He was made freeman, March 13, 1639. He was representative from 1639 to 1642 inclusive. In 1645 he moved with most of his family to Rehoboth, where he died December 22, 1663. Children, with dates of baptism in Hingham:
- Simon, born in England. He was a glazier by trade, and lived in Dorchester. He was selectman in 1667(?). He married (first) Hannah, born at Dorchester, December 14, 1638, died in Hingham, April 16, 1659, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Farnsworth of Dorchester, Massachusetts. He married (second) February 13, [illegible on my photocopy] Prudence, born at Dorchester, December 25, 16-- [illegible on my copy], daughter of Edward and Prudence [illegible], of Dorchester.
- Samuel, Feb. 3, 1638-39, died soon after
- Nathaniel, Oct. 31, 1641
- Israel, March 31, 1643-44, died soon after
- Samuel, July 19, 1646
- Israel, July 19, 1646
- Hannah, July 19, 1646
Peck - This name is of great antiquity. It is found in Belton, Yorkshire, England, at an early date, and from there scattered not only over England but into every civilized country. A branch settled in Hesden and Wakefield, Yorkshire, whose descendants removed to Beccles, Suffolk county, and were the ancestors of Joseph Peck, of Hingham, Norfolk county, who became the immigrant ancestor of the American line. Arms: Argent, on a chevron engrailed, gules, three crosses formed of the first. Crest: A cubit arm, erect, habited azure; cuff argent; hand proper, holding one stalk enfiled with a scroll; three roses; leaves, vert.
Verify everything you find here. There are mistakes in some of the lines.
- Moore
- White
- Peck
- Lathrop/Lothrop
- Judd
- Fitch
- Talcott
The Steele Line - (I) John Steele [grandpa], immigrant, was born in county Essex, England, and died at Farmington, Connecticut, November 25, 1655. He came to this country when a young man, about 1631-32, and settled first in Cambridge, Massachusetts, then in Hartford, Connecticut, and finally in Farmington. His brother, George Steele, who also came to Hartford, died in 1663, very old. John married (first) Rachel [Talcott, grandma], in England. She died in 1653. He married (second), soon afterward, Mercy Seymour, sister of Richard Seymour, who survived him.
Children, the order of birth of the children is not known:
- John, married Mercy Warriner, who married (second) Thomas Hill
- Lydia, married, March 31, 1657, James Bird
- Mary, twin with Lydia, married William Judd [grandparents]
- Hannah, born 1655
- Sarah, born about 1638, married Lieutenant Thomas Judd [uncle, brother of William above]
- Samuel, mentioned below.
(II) Samuel, son of John & Mercy (Seymour) Steele, was born in England in 1626-27, and came with his parents to America. He was a leading citizen of Farmington, Connecticut; deputy to the general assembly in 1668-69-72-77; lieutenant of the Farmington train band in 1674. He had a grant of land from the general court, May 9, 1672, of two hundred acres. He married Mary, daughter of Hon. James and Alice Boosey; her father was a prominent citizen of Wethersfield. She was born September 10, 1635, died at Farmington, in 1702.
Children:
- Captain James, born August 31, 1644, died May 15, 1713. He was a merchant in Wethersfield, and captain of the train band. He married, July 19,1 687, Anna, daughter of Captain Samuel & Elizabeth (Hollister) Welles. She was born in 1668, at Wethersfield and died in 1739, aged seventy-one. She married (second) November 20, 1718, James Judson of Stratford.
- Mary, December 5, 1652
- Rachel, October 30, 1654, lived at Wethersfield, married Jonathan Smith
- Sarah baptized December 29, 1656, died unmarried
- Samuel born March 11, 1658-59, died young
- John baptized December 10, 1661, died unmarried
- Hannah, born 1688
- Ebenezer, August 13, 1661, married February 15, 1705 Sarah Hart
The Judd Line - The surname Judd is one of the oldest English surnames, and is identical with Jude, an old and now almost obsolete personal name. Judson and Judkins are formed from the same name. Henry Judde, of county Kent and John Judde, of Oxfordshire, were mentioned in the Hundred Rolls of 1275, and the family has been in Kent down to the present time. Sir Andrew Judd, a dealer in skins and furs, of London, son of John Judd, of Tunbridge, Kent, was mayor of London in 1550, a man of wealth and influence. He endowed a grammar school in Tunbridge. His only child was a daughter Alice . . . It is likely that all the Judds are descended from this Kent family. The only other coat-of-arms of the Judd family is plainly of the same origin and indicates relationship. The Judds of Middlesex bear: Gules, a fesse raguled between three boars' heads erased argent. Crest: on a ducal coronet or, a cockatrice, wings displayed proper. The family was also prominent in county Essex, England.
(I) Deacon Thomas Judd [grandpa], immigrant ancestor, came from England in 1633 or 1634, and settled at Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he had a home lo granted to him August 1634. It was in that part of the town known as the West End, on the road to Watertown. He had other land granted in 1635, and was admitted a freeman May 25 that year. He removed to Hartford, Connecticut, in 1636, and had two acres for a home lot, near the Charter Oak. He was one of the first proprietors and settlers of Farmington, Connecticut, and removed there from Hartford about 1644. His home lot was on the main street, and he was a substantial farmer and an influential man. He was deputy to the general court several times. He was a charter member of the Farmington church, and was its second deacon. He died November 12, 1688, aged about eighty. His first wife [Elizabeth (--?--), grandma] died in Farmington, and he married (second) December 2, 1679, Clemence Mason, widow of Thomas Mason of Northampton, and resided in Northampton the remainder of his life. He was selectman there in 1682.
Children, order of birth not known:
- Elizabeth, married December 27, 1653 Samuel Loomis
- William, mentioned below
- Thomas b. about 1638, md. Sarah Steele [see above]
- John b. about 1640, married Mary Howkins
- Benjamin b. ca. 1642, married Mary Lewis
- Mary b. ca. 1644, md. Jan. 1, 1663 Thomas Loomis
- Ruth baptized Feb. 7, 1647 md. John Steele
- Philip bapt. Sept. 2, 1649, md. Hannah Loomis
- Samuel b. ca. 1651.
(II) Sergeant William Judd [grandpa], son of Deacon Thomas Judd, married, March 30, 1658, Mary daughter of John & Rachel Steele [see above], of Farmington; she died October 2, 1718, aged about eighty. He lived in Farmington, and was counted a well-to-do citizen for those days. The inventory of his estate was presented November 5, 1690. His age when he died was about fifty-five years.
Children:
- Mary, bapt. July 22, 1660
- Elizabeth, July 22, 1660, died young
- Thomas, Oct. 13, 1662
- William, Jan. 8, 1665, died young
- Thomas, mentioned below
- John, 1667
- Rachel 1670, died unmarried 1703
- Samuel 1673
- Daniel 1675
- Elizabeth 1678
(III) Deacon Thomas (2) Judd, son of Sergeant William & Mary (Steele) Judd, was born in 1663, and settled in Waterbury, Connecticut. He was a blacksmith by trade, and conducted a farm. He was town clerk, deacon of the church, captain of militia, justice of the peace, and a deputy to the general court more than twenty years between 1696 and 1733. His will was dated April 26, 1738, and bequeathed to his son William his silverheaded cane, which descended later to Sylvester Judd, of Northampton. He died January 4, 1747. He married, February 9, 1688, Sarah, daughter of Stephen & Hannah Astrood) Freeman, who died September 8, 1738, aged sixty-eight.
The Perkins Line - (I) John Perkins [grandpa], immigrant ancestor, was born at Newent, county Gloucester, England, about 1590, and came to Boston, Massachusetts, in the ship Lion in February 1631, with wife Judith and five children. He joined the church in 1631. He removed to Ipswich in 1633 and was a deputy to the general court in 1636. He died in 1654.
Children:
- John
- Thomas
- Jacob mentioned below.
- Elizabeth
- Mary born in England
- Lydia born in Boston
- Nathaniel born in Boston
(II) Jacob, son of John Perkins, was born in England in 1624, and settled with his father in Ipswich, Massachusetts, where he died January 29, 1701. He married Elizabeth [Lovell]
Children:
- Elizabeth born April 1, 1650
- John b. July 3, 1654
- Judith b. July 11, 1655
- Mary b. May 14, 1658
- Jacob b. August 1662
- Matthew b. June 23, 1665
- Joseph b. 1667, d. Sept. 1726
- Jabez
The Perkins Line - (I) John Perkins [grandpa, see above], . . . was born at Newent, England, 159-, died at Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1654. He sailed in the ship Lyon, for New England in 1630, arrived at Boston, 1631, and was admitted freeman the same year. He removed to Ipswich in 1633, and was representative to the general court in 1636. He married, about 1613 Judith [Gater] and among their children was Jacob, of whom further.
(II) Jacob, son of John and Judith Perkins, was born in England, 1624, came to New England with his parents, and died at Ipswich, Massachusetts, January 29, 1700. He married (first) in 1647, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Lovell, and (second) Mrs. Demaris Robinson, widow of Nathaniel Robinson, of Boston. By his first wife he had a number of children, among whom was Joseph . . .
William Hodges [grandpa], the immigrant ancestor, was born doubtless in England, date unknown. He appears in this country, first in Salem, Massachusetts, when he was appointed on the jury at the court held at Salem, March 27, 1638. He went from Salem to Taunton, Massachusetts, soon after the latter town was purchased by the proprietors, and is on the second list of early settlers made out by the town clerk. His name first appears on the town records in August 1643, in the list of men at Taunton, between the ages of sixteen and sixty able to bear arms. On March 24, 1643-44 the town voted "that a sufficient carteway be made from the houses into the woods behind the ground of William Hodges, William Evans and Aaron Knapp, where it is most convenient." He was propounded freeman, June 6, 1649, and admitted freeman, June 5, 1651. On the last date he was appointed constable at Taunton. he was on the grand jury, June 2, 1652, and on a coroner's jury, August 2, 1653, at Plymouth court. He was one of the original stockholders of the first Taunton Iron Works, and subscribed twenty pounds for a whole share. He seems to have held considerable property, and there is still on file at Plymouth an inventory of his goods.
He married Mary, daughter of Henry Andrews, one of the original purchasers of Taunton in 1637. Henry Andrews was one of the first seven freemen of the town, one of the first two deputies to the general court in 1639, deputy also in 1643-44-47-49; one of the first stockholders of the first Taunton Iron Works, and in other ways one of the most prominent men of the town. He died in 1653. Mary Andrews was born about 1628, died after 1700. After the death of William Hodges, her first husband, April 2, 1654, she married (second) Peter Pitts, of Taunton. the latter died 1692 or 1693.
Children, born in Taunton:
- John, born 1650
- Henry, mentioned below
(II) Henry, son of William Hodges, was born in 1652, at Taunton, Massachusetts, died there September 30, 1717, aged sixty-five. He lived "within a few yards of the place where a red school house stood in 1820. At that time there were some indications on the surface of the spot where the cellar had been." He was a leading man in the settlement, holding the town offices for very many years. He was captain of the military company, and was a deacon and presiding elder of the church, occupying, it is said, a seat in the pulpit with Rev. Samuel Danforth. He owned much real estate and was administrator of a large number of estates. From his prominence in his allottment of lands, it would seem that he was a surveyor. He was on a coroner's jury held at Plymouth, October 30, 1678, and on the grand jury, June 6, 1683; in 1681 he was constable at Taunton; he was selectman for twenty-eight years (1687 to 1701, 1703 to 1709, 1711 to 1716), was a member of the town council two years (1689-90), and represented Taunton in the general court five years (1704-13-15-16-17). His name appears, April 8, 1682, in the roster of the Third Squadron of the military company, ordered to bring arms to church on Sundays. He was elected ensign of the First Military Company in March 1690, when the town was greatly excited over the question as to who should command the company. Before 1703 the Second Military Company was organized, and he was its first captain and retained command until 1714. He was a subscriber to the fund for the Canada Expedition of 1690, under Sir William Phipps. When the North Precinct of Taunton was established, he donated land as an inducement for a minister to settle in the new parish. He was a shareholder in the first Taunton Iron Works. He died September 30, 1717, and was buried in the "Neck of Land Burying Ground" where his gravestone may still be seen.
He married, December 17, 1674, at Taunton, Esther, born July 21, 1653, in Taunton, daughter of John and Hannah (Lake) Gallop.
Children born in Taunton:
- Mary, Feb. 3, 1676
- Esther, Feb. 17, 1677-78
- William, March 18, 1679-80
- Charity, April 5, 1682
- John, 1684
- Henry, 1685 or 1686
- Major Joseph b. 1688 or 1689, d. in 1745, on his return from the capture of Louisburg, Cape Breton.
- Benjamin, about 1691
- Ephraim, about 1693
- Elizabeth
- Abigail
Rumble, Alexander, ed. Domesday Book 32 Essex, Chichester: Philliimore, 1983.
The Domesday Survey - In 1066 Duke William of Normandy conquered England. He was crowned King, and most of the land of the English nobility were soon granted to his followers. Domesday Book was compiled 20 years later. The Saxon Chronicle records that in 1085:
at Gloucester at midwinter . . . the King had deep speech with his counsellors . . . and sent men all over England to each shire . . . to find out . . . what or how much each landholder held . . . in land and livestock, and what it was worth . . . The returns were brought to him. [Before he left England for the last time, lae in 1086.]
William was thorough. One of his Counsellors reports that he also sent a second set of Commissioners 'to shires they did not know, where they were themselves unknown, to check their predecessors' survey, and report culprits to the King.'
The information was collected at Winchester, corrected, abridged, chiefly by omission of livestock and the 1066 population, and faircopied by one writer into a single volume, now known as Domesday Book Volume I, or DB. The task of abridgement and collection was not complete by the time work stopped at the death of King William. The remaining material, the commissioners' circuit returns for Norfolkd, Suffolk and Essex, which there had not been time to reduce, was left unabridged, copied by several writers, in a second volume, smaller than the first, usually now referred to as Domesday Book Volume II or Little Domesday Book or LDB, which states that 'the Survey was made in 1086.' The surveys of Durham and Northumberland, and of several towns, including London, were not transcribed, and most of Cumberland and Westmorland, not yet in England, was not surveyed. The whole undertaking was completed at speed, in less than 12 months, though the fair-copying of the main volume may have taken a little longer. Both volumes are now preserved at the Public Record Office. Some versions of regional returns also survive. One of them, from Ely Abbey, copies out the Commissioners' brief. They were to ask
- The name of the place. Who held it, before 1066, and now?
- How many hides [120 acre plots]? How many ploughs, both those in lordship and the men's?
- How many villagers, cottagers and slaves, how many free men and Freemen?
- How much woodland, meadow and pasture?
- How many mills and fishponds?
- How much has been added or taken away? What the total value was and is?
- How much each free man or Freeman had or has? All threefold, before 1066, when King William gave it, and now; and if more can be had than at present.
The King wanted to know what he had, and who held it. The Commissioners therefore listed lands in dispute, for Domesday Book was not only a tax-assessment. To the King's grandson, Bishop Henry of Winchester, its purpose was that every 'man should know his right and not usurp another's'; and because it was the final authoritative register of rightful possession 'the natives called it Domesday Book, by analogy from the Day of Judgement'; that was why it was carefully arranged by Counties, and by landholders within Counties, 'numbered consecutively . . . for easy reference.'
Domesday Book describes Old English society under new management, in minute statistical detail. Foreign lords had taken over, but little else had yet changed. The chief landholders and those who held from them are named, and the rest of the population was counted. Most of them lived in villages, whose houses might be clustered together, or dispersed among their fields. Villages were grouped in administrative districts called Hundreds, which formed regions within Shires, or Counties, which survive today with minor boundary changes; the recent deformation of some ancient county identities is here disregarded, as are various short-lived modern changes. The local assemblies, though overshadowed by lords great and small, gave men a voice, which the Commissioners heeded. Very many holdings were described by the Norman term manerium (manor), greatly varied in size and structure, from tiny farmsteads to vast holdings; and many lords exercised their own jurisdiction and other rights, termed soca, whose meaning still eludes exact definition.
The Survey was unmatched in Europe for many centuries, the product of a sophisticated and experienced English administration, fully exploited by the Conqueror's commanding energy. But its unique assemblage of facts and figures has been hard to study, because the text has not been easily available, and abounds in technicalities.
Essex - List of Landholders: . . . 32. Robert Gernon
Hundred of Uttlesford - Harold held Newport before 1066 as a manor, for 8 1/2 hides. Now King William (holds it).
Then vs Now
- 18 villagers, later 15 - 26
- 8 smallholders, later 6 - 13
- 4 slaves - 2
- 2 ploughs in lordship - 1
- 8 ploughs among men - 10
- Woodland, 100 pigs; meadow, 24 acres; always 2mills. 10 cattle, 1 cob, 79 pigs, 102 sheep
- Then it paid (revenue) 2 nights' provisions
- There is besides 1 outlier which lies in Cambridgeshire & is called Shelford, with 3 hides and 46 acres.
- Always 8 villagers; 5 smallholders; 1 plough in lordship; 2 men's ploughs
- Meadow, 15 acres.
- 1 cob - none [horses]
- Always 10 cattle
- 80 pigs - 50
- 80 sheep - 87
- 13 goats - 24
- This outlier was in the above-mentioned revenue before 1066, but now it pays ￡25 16s. Robert Gernon holds 2 Freemen with 2 1/2 hides who belong to his manor and who pay all customary dues, whom he received when Swein was Sheriff. The Hundred does not know how he should have them, because neither a writ nor a Commissioner came on the King's behalf to the Hundred (to say) that the King had given himself that land. . . .
32 - Lands of Robert Gernon . . .
Hundred of Uttlesford - Robert holds Stansted (Mountfitchet) in lordship, which a free man held before 1066 as a manor, for 6 hides. Then 4 ploughs in lordship, later 2, now 3. Always 10 men's ploughs
11 villagers; 1 priest. Then and later 4 smallholders, now 18; then 8 slaves, later 4, now 3.
Woodland, 1000 pigs; meadow, 20 acres; always 1 mill. Then 8 cattle, now 16; then 140 sheep, now 120; then 20 pigs, now 60; then 40 goats, now 24; now 2 cobs and 5 asses.
Attached to this manor is 1 outlier which is called Manuden with 1 hide. Always 1 plough in lordship; 2 smallholders.
Woodland, 10 pigs.
Value then and later ￡8; now [￡] 11.
[Stansted and Mountfitchet manor are the ancestral home of our Fitch family. We probably aren't related to Robert Gernon, but this shows a little of what things were like in that area after the Norman invasion.]
Most of the twenty-one Domesday Book Hundreds and Half-Hundreds survived without much change into the 19th century. Some were termed alternately Hundred or Half-Hundred in Domesday Book and later medieval records and there appears to have been little actual difference in status between the two terms in the post-Conquest period - a small Hundred might occasionally be called a Half-Hundred, that was all.
Maps showing Hundreds and Half-Hundreds in Essex.
Technical Terms - Most of the words expressing measurements have to be translitterated. Translation may not, however, dodge other problems by the use of obsolete or made-up words which do not exist in modern English. The translation here used are given below in italics. They cannot be exact; they aim at the nearest modern equivalent.
- Antecessor - Person whom a tenant had followed in the rightful possession of his holding; also the previous holder of an office, predecessor
- Bordarius - Cultivator of inferior status, usually with a little land, smallholder
- Caruca - a plough with the oxen which pulled it, usually recorded as 8, plough
- Dominium - the mastery or dominion of a lord (dominus); including ploughs, land, men, villages, etc., reserved for the lord's use; often concentrated in a home farm or demesne lordship
- Feudum - Continental variant, not used in England before 1066, of feuum (the Lain form of Old English feoh, cattle, money, possessions in general); either a landholder's holding, or land held under the terms of a specific grant. holding
- Firma - Old English feorm, provisions due to the King or lord; a fixed sum paid in place of these and of other miscellaneous dues revenue
- Hida - A unit of land measurement, reckoned in Domesday Book at 120 fiscal acres; 4 virgates; see Sussex, Appendix. hide
- Hundredum and Dimidium Hundredum - Administrative districts within a shire, each of whose assemblies of notables and village representatives usually met once a month. hundred and half-hundred
- Manerium - A territorial and jurisdictional holding manor
- Prepostius - Old English gerefa, a local official of the King or lord reeve
- Soca - "Soke," from Old English socn, seeking, comparable with Latin quaestio. Jurisdiction, with the right to receive fines and other dues from those who paid suit to the court of the district in which such soca was exercised; jurisdiction included the right to settle a dispute or saca, from Old English sāc, and sometimes the terms soca and saca are used in combination to show that the jurisdiction is of the fullest sort jurisdiction and (payment of) suit
- Sochemannus - "Soke man," liable to attend the court of a soca and serve its lords; before 1066 often with more land and higher status than villagers; bracketed in the Commissioners' brief with the liber homo (free man); see Bedfordshire, Appendix. Freeman
- Teignus - Person of superior status; originally one of the King's military companions, later often in his service in an administrative capacity thane
- Villa - Translating Old English tūn, estate, town, village. The later distinction between a small village and a large town was not yet in use in 1066 village or town
- Villanus - Member of a villa, usually with more land than a bordarius (see above) villager
- Virgata - A quarter of a hide; 30 fiscal acres in Domesday Book virgate
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