Notebook - Military #1 - Part 2

Bizzell, Virginia & Oscar Bizzell. Revolutionary War Recors, Duplin & Sampson Counties, North Carolina: Contributions to Genealogy, Newton Grove, NC: Sampson County Historical Society, 1997.

Wiggs, John, private, militia cavalry & infantry, widow's pension #W4398. Soldier was born 25 Jan. 1758 in Dobbs Co. (now Wayne), NC & was living there when he enlisted and always lived there except for 10 to 12 years that he lived in Sampson Co.  Then he returned to Wayne Co. where he applied for a pension on 1 Oct. 1832. He was placed on the pension roll 22 July 1833 at age 76. His pension was $30.71 per annum and a total of $92.13 was received by him. 

Soldier married 1782 in the Sampson area to Cherry (--?--). They had five children of which the oldest was: 

1. Daniel b. ca. 1783 & removed to Alabama
2. Raiford b. ca. 1785
3. Grace b. ca. 1787 md. Lewis Gurley 

There were other children but we did not learn their names. 

Soldier died in Wayne Co., 30 Nov. 1851 at age 80.  His widow applied from there on 5 June 1843 & she did receive a pension under #W4398.

---

Bockstruck, Lloyd. Revolutionary War Bounty Land Grants, Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1996 - available on Ancestry.

A land bounty is a grant of land from a government as reward to repay citizens for the risks and hardships they endured in the service of their country, usually in a military related capacity.

By the time of the Revolutionary War, the practice of awarding bounty land as an inducement for enlisting in the military forces had been a long-standing practice in the British Empire in North America. Besides imperial bounty land grants, both colonial and municipal governments had routinely compensated participants in and victims of military conflicts with land. Land was a commodity in generous supply, and governments seized upon its availability for accomplishing their goals.

There was no bounty land policy in Delaware, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Rhode Island or Vermont.  Those states lacked enough vacant land to support such a policy.  Bounty lands were a feature however in Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Virginia. Administratively, these nine states selected reserves in their western domains for the location of bounty lands. Such a choice was seemingly quite logical. By placing veterans on the frontier, the states would be able to rely upon a military force which in turn would be able to protect the settlements from Indian incursions. These state governments also realized that they had to encourage the ex-soldiers to occupy their newly awarded bounty lands, so they granted exemptions from taxation ranging from a few years to life to those veterans who would located on their respective bounty lands. Such a policy also had the effect of retarding the exodus of a state's population. Since most of the Indian nations had supported the British during the Revolutionary War, the Thirteen States were cautious in approaching their former enemies. Populating the frontier with citizens skilled in defense offered the best prospect in enticing other settlers to join them. Veterans were knowledgeable in the use of firearms and in military strategy.  Knowing that they would be defended if the need arose was reassuring to many settlers. The state governments also realized that the revenue derived from the sale of vacant lands in the west was badly needed.  The extension of settlements on the frontier would, in time, also increase the tax rolls and contribute to the reduction of their Revolutionary War debts. In the aftermath of the war, the states with transappalachian claims ceded some of those claims to the federal government, but not until they had the assurance of being able to fulfill their bounty land commitments.

While most of the states awarded bounty lands for military service, there were two exceptions. Connecticut compensated its citizenry with lands in Ohio if their homes, outbuildings, and businesses were destroyed by the British.  The Nutmeg State seemingly awarded no bounty land for military service per se. Georgia also issued lands to its civilian population who had remained loyal, or at the very least neutral, to the Revolutionary cause after the British restored royal control. There were no Revolutionary War bounty land grants within the current borders of the southern states of North Carolina and Virginia. The former issued its bounty lands in its western lands which became Tennessee. The latter selected reserves for its bounty lands in Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio before ceding its claims to the federal government.

It is important to emphasize that the Continental Congress also made use of the policy of bounty lands. The index to those claims appears in the Index to Revolutionary War Pension Applications in the National Archives (Washington, DC: National Genealogical Society, 1976).

Following the American victory at Yorktown in 1781, the various governments sought to implement their bounty land programs. The delay in establishing a governmental agency to fulfill the bounty land pledge holds dual benefits genealogically.  Firstly, it increases the likelihood of the survival of a  paper trail for proving Revolutionary War participation for many individuals who may not be mentioned in any other record. Secondly, because the benefits were still being processed as late as the 1870s in some jurisdictions, there may be a wealth of information pertaining to heirs in bounty land files.

Typically, each entry contains the name of the claimant, who is usually the veteran, the state of service, the rank held, the date of the record and the acreage. Any additional comments appear at the end of the entry.

There were also special legislative acts for veterans who could not qualify under their state's statutory requirements. Accordingly, if a veteran fails to appear in the normal record series, the possibility of a special legislative act needs to be considered.

While most military ranks are familiar ones, it should be remembered that a subaltern was any commissioned officer below the rank of captain, including cornet, ensign and lieutenant. An ensign was an army officer in the infantry ranking immediately below a lieutenant and was the equivalent of a cornet in the cavalry. It was not a naval rank in the Revolutionary era. A matross was a soldier in a train of artillery who assisted the gunner in loading, firing and sponging the guns.  A boatswain was a naval officer in charge of the hull and related equipment. A coxswain was a sailor who had charge of a ship's boat and its crew.  A noncommissioned officer in the army included corporals and sergeants.

Finally, it is imperative to bear in mind that a great number of clerks prepared the records in the various jurisdictions, and uniformity of spelling is therefore lacking. Relevant entries may well be overlooked without a thorough examination of spelling variants. Both the accent of the claimant and the ear of the clerk must be taken into consideration in locating an entry arranged in alphabetical order. Finding one entry under the anticipated spelling should not preclude a further search for other possibilities.  One of the common speech patterns is the substitution of the letter R for that of N as in Wilkerson for Wilkinson and Dickerson for Dickinson. PH and F pose another difficulty as in Phelps and Felps. The letter K may conceal a variant of C as in Kerr and Carr. the letters L and R may be interchanged to yield seemingly totally different surnames as in Palmer, Parmer and Palmour. The G and J as in Gosling and Josling, can also disguise entries.  Such pronunciation variants as Graham for Grimes can cause the unskilled researcher to overlook relevant entries. Acuff may be phonetically rendered as Eccough. A silent letter, as in the unaspirated H in Harrell may very well produce entries under the next letter of the surname as in Arrell. A scribe's unfamiliarity with a non-British surname is perhaps best exemplified with the German surname of Geisensieder found spelled as Kycenceder in the Virginia bounty land files. Forenames can likewise be misleading. Augustine, for example, was pronounced Austin and appears under that spelling quite frequently. The abbreviation "Jos:" can represent not only Joseph but also Joshua, Josephus and Josiah. Rich: is normally the abbreviation for Richard, but it could just as easily be for Richmond. Edmund and Edward are interchangeable, and Edwin can complicate the matter even more. Abe is the abbreviation for both Abraham and Absolam. Zach: can represent Zachery and Zacheriah. Nath may be either Nathan or Nathaniel.

Connecticut:

While the state of Connecticut did not award any bounty lands to its military personnel, it did convey title to its western lands to its citizens for Revolutionary War damages. British forces, having retaken New York City, operated out of the harbor on expeditions along the New England coast to destroy rebel stores and shipping. Under cover of darkness they could secretly arrive, inflict damage, and retreat before meeting any effective resistance. From the relative safety of their ships off shore, the British, assisted by Benedict Arnold, laid waste many of the towns in Connecticut. The nine towns so scorched during the war were:

• Danbury - 1777
• East Haven - 1779
• Fairfield - 1779
• Greenwich - 1781
• Groton - 1781
• New Haven - 1779 
• New London - 1781- Bradford, Huntington, Perkins,  & Lathrop living in the area
• Norwalk - 1779
• Ridgefield - no date given

Maryland - in 1781 land west of Fort Cumberland was set aside for bounties, the present counties Allegany and Garrett. In 1788 Francis Deakins finished a general plat of the area in lots of fifty acres each.  Officers received 4 lots, privates received 1 lot. 

North Carolina formula:

• private - 640 acres
• noncommissioned officer - 1000 acres
• subaltern (below rank of captain)& surgeon's mate - 2560 acres
• captain - 3840 acres
• surgeon & majors - 4600 acres
• lieutenant colonel - 5760 acres
• lieutenant colonel commandant, chaplain & colonel - 7200 acres
• brigadier general - 12,000 acres
• surveyors - 2500 acres 
• chain carriers / markers / hunters - 640 acres
• guards - 320 acres 

The 1783 law prorated the acreage so that privates with two years' service got 225 acres and those with three years' service received 274 acres.

Virginia formula:

• sailor/soldier who served 3 year enlistment or end of war - 100 acres
• noncommissioned officer who served 3 year enlistment - 200 acres
• sailor/soldier/noncommissioned officer who served throughout the war - 400 acres
• subalterns - cornet, ensign, lieutenant - 2000 to 2666 acres
• surgeon's mate/surgeon - 2666 to 8000 acres
• captain - 3000 to 4666 acres
• major - 4000 to 5333 acres
• lieutenant colonel - 4500 to 6666 acres
• colonel - 5000 to 8888 acres
• brigadier general - 10,000+ acres
• major general - 15,000 to 17,500 acres
• heirs of officer/soldier/sailor died or killed in service - same as ranked above

Virginia's military districts:

• Kentucky, south of the Green River - through 1790 all lands dispersed
• Ohio - bounded by Ohio River, Scioto River and Little Miami River opened 1790
• 1852 - warrants could be redeemed for cash 
• Indiana - 150,000 acres laid off for the Illinois Regiment under George Rogers Clark

• Beasley, Richard, VA, private, 9 Jun 1783, 100 acres
• Brooks, William, PA, Sergeant, 9 Oct. 1786, 250 acres
• Dogget, Benjamin, VA, private 27 Nov. 1832, 100 acres - uncle 
• Dogget, Clement, VA, sailor, 30 Jun. 1784, 100 acres
• Dogget, George, VA, carpenter, 7 Apr. 183-, 1333 acres
• Dogget, George, VA, Carpenter, 7 Apr. 183-, 1333 acres
• Dogget, George, VA, carpenter, 3 Apr. 1849, 1333 1/3 acresF
• Dogget, Richard, VA, captain, 16 Aug. 1832, 4000 acres - probably uncle
• Dove, John, MD, sergeant, ----, 50 acres
• Dove, Josiah, NC, private, 28 Sep, 1785, 274 acres
• Dove, Thomas, VA, private, 7 Apr. 1808, 100 acres
• Dove, William, NC, private, 17 Dec. 1795, 274 acres
• Edwards, Charles, PA, dragoon, 16 Feb. 1787, 200 acres
• Edwards, Evan, PA, major, 5 Jul 1787, 300 acres
• Edwards, Evan, PA, major, 5 Jul 1787, 300 acres
• Edwards, Heathesat. MD, private, ----, 50 acres
• Edwards, John, MD, private ----, 50 acres
• Edwards, John, MD, sergeant, ----, 50 acres
• Edwards, Thomas, MD, sergeant, ----, 50 acres
• Fitch, Thomas, CT, sufferer, Norwalk, 287.14.5 1/4
• Fitch, Thomas, CT, sufferer, Norwalk, 415.3.0 to his heirs
• Fitzgerald, James, VA, private, 12 Jul 1783, 100 acres
• Fitzgerald, James, VA, private, 18 Nov. 1783, 200 acres
• Fitzgerald, John, VA, captain, 29 Jan. 1784, 4666 2/3 acres
• Fitzgerald, John, VA, major, 2 Apr. 1784, 5333 1/3 acres
• Gurley, Ayers, NC ----, 13 Jun. 1785, 640 acres to heirs
• Gurley, James, NC, corporal, 22 Apr. 1785, 1000 acres to heirs
• Gurley, Joseph, NC, private, 17 Mar. 1784, 640 acres
• Gurley, Simon, NC, private, 1 Sep. 1800, 640 acres 
• Hopkins, David, VA, major, 28 Sep. 1808, 1000 acres
• Hopkins, David, VA, major, 28 Sept. 1808, 1073 acres
• Hopkins, Patrick, VA, private 7 Nov. 1783, 100 acres
• Hopkins, Samuel, VA, lieutenant colonel, 17 May 1783, 7000 acres
• Hopkins, Samuel, VA, lieutenant colonel, 29 Aug. 1807, 833 1/3 acres
• Hopkins, Thomas, VA, private, 18 Apr. 1783, 200 acres
• Morgan, Charles, VA-IN, sergeant, 216 acres, probably grandpa
• Porter, Thomas, MD, private, ----, 50 acres
• Porter, William, MD, private ----, 50 acres
• Spear, David, NC, sergeant, 24 Jul. 1820, 428 acres
• Spear, Jacob, VA-IN, private, 108 acres
• Spear, John, NC, private, 24 Jul. 1821, 640 acres to heirs
• Spear, Seth, NC, private, 2 Feb. 1786, 640 acres

Bibliography:

• A Compilation of Laws, Treaties, Resolutions & Ordinances of the General & State Governments Which Relate to Lands in the State of Ohio . . . Columbus, OH: George Nashee, 1825.
• Brewer, John & Lewis Mayer. The Laws & Rules of the Land Office of Maryland, Baltimore, MD: Kelly, Piett & Co., 1871.
• Brown, Margie. Genealogical Abstracts Revolutionary War Veterans Scrip Act 1852, Decorah, IA: The Anundsen Publishing Co., 1990. 
• Brumbaugh, Gaius. Revolutionary War Records in Virginia, Virginia Army & Navy Forces, with Bounty Land Warrants for Virginia, Military District of Ohio; & Virginia Military Script Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1967. 
• Burgess, Louis. Virginia Soldiers of 1776 Compiled from Documents . . . in the Virginia Land Office, Baltimore, MD: Clearfield Company, Inc., 1994. 
• Burgner, Goldene. North Carolina Land Grants in Tennessee 1778-1791, Easley, SC: Southern Historical Press, 1981. 
• Carothers, Bettie. Maryland Soldiers Entitled to Lands West of Fort Cumberland, 1973. 
• Index to Revolutionary War Pension Applications in the National Archives, Washington, DC: National Genealogical Society, 1976.
• English, William. Conquest of the Country Northwest of the River Ohio, 1778-1782 & Life of Gen. George Rogers Clark, Indianapolis, IN: Bowen-Merrill Company, 1896
• Hopkins, William. Virginia Revolutionary War Land Grant Claims 1783-1850 (Rejected), Richmond, VA, Hopkins, 1988.
• Meyer, Mary. Westward of Fort Cumberland Military Lots Set Off for Maryland's Revolutionary Soldiers, Finksburg, MD: Pipe Creek Publications, 1994. 
• NC Archives. Military Land Warrant Book
• NC Daughters of the American Revolution. Roster of Soldiers from North Carolina in the American Revolution, Bowie, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., nd. 
• Pruitt, A.B. Glasgow Land Fraud Papers, 1783-1800, Pruitt, 1988

• North Carolina Revolutionary War Bounty Land in Tennessee, Pruitt, 1993

• Rice, Shirley. The Hidden Revolutionary War Land Grants in the Tennessee Military Reservation, Lawrenceburg, TN: Family Tree Press, 1991. 
• Scharf, Thomas. History of Western Maryland, Being a History of Frederick, Montgomery, Carroll, Washington, Allegany & Garrett Counties from the Earliest Period to the Present Day, Philadelphia, PA: Louis Everts, 1882. 
• U.S. National Archives. Register of Army Land Warrants Issued under the Act of 1788 for Service in the Revolutionary War: Military Districts of Ohio, 1 roll of microfilm
• U.S. National Archives. Revolutionary War Pension & Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, 1800-1900, 2670 rolls of microfilm
• U.S. National Archives. U.S. Revolutionary War Bounty-Land Warrants Used in the U.S. Military District of Ohio & Related Papers (Acts of 1788, 1803, 1806) 16 rolls of microfilm
• White, Virgil. Genealogical Abstracts of Revolutionary War Pension Files, Waynesboro, TN: The National Historical Publishing Company, 1990-1992. 
• Williams, William. History of the Firelands, Comprising Huron & Erie Counties, Ohio with Illustrations & Biographical Sketches of Some of the Prominent Men & Pioneers, Evansville, IN: Unigraphic, Inc., 1973.
• Wilson, Samuel. Catalogue of Revolutionary Soldiers & Sailors of the Commonwealth of Virginia to Whom Land Bounty Warrants Were Granted by Virginia for Military Services in the War for Independence, Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1977.

---

Clark, Murtie. Colonial Soldiers of the South, 1732-1774, Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. 1986.   Available on Ancestry.

In the seventeenth century Great Britain changed its longstanding military tradition and began to employ a regular or standing army to fight wars. This was accomplished in spite of vigorous opposition. Previously the English militia, which served during a crisis, and the British navy, which was professional, were the primary means of defense. With the crown and parliament exercising control, the militia would continue to be used to supplement the professional army when it needed additional manpower.  To curb abuses, such as sending the militia to fight in Continental wars, the Crown was required to assume the expense for militia service when each regiment left its district.

Wars in the colonial period were akin to business ventures, with the antagonists engaged in hostilities for profit either in trade or territory. These wars were limited.  Warfare on land and sea was slow and inconclusive. Governments did not have the power nor the will to claim a total victory or to annihilate the opposition. Conflicts were initiated to gain an advantage over the enemy. Then truces were negotiated at the conference table.

The professional soldiers sold their specialty in arms to these armies. The officer class was largely aristocratic and dependent on the crown for patronage in the form of commissions Soldiers were hired and served for pay. Monarchs of some small European states sold their own troops to the highest bidder. As a result, soldiers remained loyal as long as it was advantageous to do so. Consequently, they were loyal not to a country but to the regiment to which they belonged.

Families accompanied the soldiers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.  They were a part of the regiment, and wherever the regiment settled, the army family became part of the community.

While no regular or standing army protected the early settlers in America, military advisers came with the colonists to train the militia and supervise construction of fortifications. When a crisis arose which could not be handled, regulars were sent from England to supplement the colonial militia.

In response to Bacon's Rebellion, Colonel Herbert Jeffery's Regiment of Foot came to Virginia in 1677.  This regiment had five companies of 200 men each, plus officers and non-commissioned officers.  Some of these soldiers were cadred from the British army and others were recruited in London.  When the crisis was over, Colonel Jeffery, with one company of this regiment, remained in Virginia. This unit became the nucleus of the independent company which gradually evolved into the Virginia Regiment of George Washington's time.

The next complement of regular soldiers to serve in the South came in 1720 to protect the frontier. Three independent companies of foot were cadred from the British army for this service. These seasoned soldiers became the nucleus of General James Edward Oglethorpe's 42d Regiment of Foot when the colony of Georgia was founded in 1732.

In America, where the tradition against a standing army was strong, each of the thirteen colonies devised its own militia system based on the ancient English tradition of the self-armed citizen. There was no central organization. If policy concerned more than one colony, the crown had to negotiate with each government individually. When a pact for mutual defense was necessary, the governors and council members had to have joint conferences to consider plans of action before legislation could be enacted. This process was slow and cumbersome.

The militia was an organization of the able-bodied men of the community between the ages of sixteen and sixty. It was not a combat force in itself. During an emergency requiring military or police action, local authorities had the power to commandeer members of the militia to form combat units.  These minutemen were specifically trained for defense against border threats or internal disturbances. Without legislative authority, however, their use was limited.  In order to leave the colony, for instance, these rapid deployment forces needed government sanction.

Most colonial militias were organized into districts under the authority of a military officer appointed by the governor and legislature. This officer's title was county lieutenant or muster-master general, and he had a staff to assist him in carrying out his public duties.  It was his responsibility to train the local citizenry and see that they were adequately armed and supplied. He supervised the community training programs and designated the dates of the musters.

Exemptions from training and military service varied from colony to colony and changed to meet existing conditions. Usually government officials, conscientious objectors, indentured servants, slaves, and handicapped persons were excluded. Free negroes, mulattoes, and Indians living in the settled community were required to enlist in the militia. Fines and imprisonment were penalties imposed for disobeying the local laws requiring this service.

According to Lieutenant William Gooch of Virginia in August 1742 the Virginia militia consisted of "175 companies and 102 troops of horse."  Thus the total Virginia militia consisted of about 16,000 men at this time, since foot companies had a complement of about sixty men, with horse troops having about fifty. The Virginia militia was organized under a county lieutenant, a colonel, a lieutenant-colonel, a major (some large counties had two majors) and an adjutant. At the musters, lists of the men enrolled for training were usually made in six copies.

In addition to the militia, there were four classes of regular companies in services in America throughout the colonial period. They were 1) those raised in the colonies for American service; 2) companies sent from England to a designated colony; 3) companies formed in America from remains of disbanded regiments; 4) companies which combined the features of all three of the above.

Gooch's American Regiment was raised to fight in the War of Jenkins' Ear. Robert Jenkins, master of the Rebecca, had his ship seized by pirates in the Caribbean in 1731. Jenkins accused his captors of cutting off one of his ears. Seven years later the story of Jenkins' ear tipped the scales and Great Britain declared war on Spain.

Colonel Alexander Spotswood, a former lieutenant-governor of Virginia, recommended the raising of an American regiment to fight in the Caribbean with the British regulars. Spotswood was made a colonel of the American Regiment with a commission as major-general in the British army. Unfortunately, he died on June 7, 1740 while on a recruiting and planning mission. He was succeeded in command by William Gooch, the lieutenant-governor of Virginia. This regiment became known as Gooch's American Regiment and it existed between December 29, 1739 and December 25, 1742. Most of the recruiting for this regiment was done early in 1740.

The American Regiment was composed of thirty companies, with the colonies of Virginia, Massachusetts, and North Carolina furnishing four companies each. New York sent five companies and Pennsylvania sent eight. New Jersey and Maryland mustered three companies. Connecticut and Rhode Island enrolled two and New Hampshire sent one.

The regiment was divided into four battalions under the command of a full colonel, a lieutenant-colonel, a major, an adjutant, a surgeon's mate, a regimental surgeon, and staff officers.  Each company had a captain, two lieutenants, one ensign, four sergeants, four corporals, two drummers, and 100 private soldiers. New York, which had a professional army of four independent companies, cadred one sergeant for each company from these independent companies. Each company was also assigned a lieutenant from the regular English army. Some of these officers are thought to be those listed on page 168.

The New York troops disembarked for the Caribbean on October 3, 1740. At Sandy Hook their convoy was joined by the troops from East Jersey and New England. On October 12 the armada sailed for the Virginia Capes to rendezvous with the troops from Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. But this segment of the fleet had already sailed and made port at Port Royal in Jamaica ahead of the main convoy. The North Carolina troops were delayed and did not arrive until March 1741.

A key for the abbreviations in the remarks column of these lists was not located.  It appears that "D" means discharged, "DD" is for deceased, and "Ds" is undetermined. These are subsistence records of the Americans in this expedition while they were on board the British mis-managed this expedition and more colonials died of disease than combat. Although he was wounded, Gooch survived the expedition and returned to Virginia in 1742. Lawrence Washington, George Washington's brother, was an officer of a Virginia company in this campaign, and he also survived to return home.

Robinson's Virginia Militia - The 136 officers and men of this company of Virginia militia served in the War against Canada from June 14, 1746 to November 24, 1747. As previously mentioned, both the Virginia company and the three Maryland companies were combined with the New York companies into a regiment under the command of Colonel George Clinton.

The commander of the Virginia company, Beverly Robinson, Sr., was the son of the Honorable John Robinson of Virginia. Prominent in the French and Indian War, Captain Robinson later moved to New York and married Susanna Phillips, the daughter of Frederick Phillps, a wealthy Hudson River landowner.  During the Revolutionary War, Robinson received a commission from the crown as a colonel and commanded the Loyal American Regiment, enlisting men from the state of New York. He also commanded the corps of Guides and Pioneers. In the Loyal American Regiment, his son, Beverly Robinson, Jr., held the rank of lieutenant-colonel. When the Revolution was over, Robinson retired to England, where he died in 1792 at the age of seventy.

Virginia Militia - For about seventy-five years the western frontier of Virginia was relatively quiet. This period extended from the end of Bacon's Rebellion to the French & Indian War, which began in 1754. Until 1759 this war kept the militia alert along the vast frontier from Canada to Georgia. In 1760 the Cherokee Indians made war on the settlers of Virginia and the Carolinas. There was no formal war with the Indians between 1764 and 1774, but there were continuous acts of agression which eventually erupted into Lord Dunmore's War of 1774.

At the beginning of the French & Indian War the colonial militia numbered about 30,000 men. In 1756 the Virginia Regiment had only about 1,400 men, composed partly of militia drafted from the eastern counties and partly from the frontier. Settlers were reluctant to leave their homes and families unprotected while they fought elsewhere.

The chapter on the Virginia militia consists of material taken from the George Washington Papers, Series 4, in the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. These transcripts contain polls, correspondence, military returns of Washington's Virginia Regiment, pay rolls, expense accounts, orders, commissary accounts, subsistence rolls, minutes, mileage tables, recruiting certificates, land records, deeds and maps relating to George Washington's military career from 1748 to 1774.

These records begin with a copy of Major Lawrence Washington's polls in Fairfax County, Virginia on June 13, 1748. Major Lawrence Washington's polls in Fairfax County, Virginia, on June 13, 1748.  Major Washington had served in the Cartegena Campaign as a Virginia officer under General William Gooch. On his death and the death of his daughter, George Washington inherited Mount Vernon.

The size, or descriptive, rolls of the soldiers made on enlistment contain specific information such as age, country of birth, and date and place of enlistment, as well as a physical description. The physical description of the soldiers was omitted from this transcript but can be obtained by writing the Library of Congress Manuscript Division in Washington, DC.

Gooch's American Regiment, 1739-1741

His Majesty's Ship Princess Amelia Muster Book - Soldiers borne for victuals only, Colonel Gooch's Regiment, from Jan. 1740/41 to Dec. 1740/41, discharged to various ships:

• #1 Captain. Wm. Hopkins, enlisted 16 June 1741, Worcester
• #11 soldier, Jn:o. Morgan enlisted 16 June 1741, Boyne

His Majesty's Ship Boyne Muster Book - List of American Troops of the 4th Battalion of Colonel Gooch's Regiment, Mar. 1739/40 to April 1740/41.

• #3 Serjeant, Benjamin Morgan, enlisted Apr. 8, 1741, camp

His Majesty's Ship Norfolk Muster Book - a list of soldiers belonging to the American regiment borne by order of Sir Chaloner Ogle, Mar. 14, 1740 - Oct. 1741

• #96 Gurley, Ben: enlisted Jun 18, 1741 Prince of Orange

His Majesty's Ship Prince of Orange Muster Book - American troops borne for victuals only, per order of Sir Chaloner Ogle, exclusive of the ship's complement, June 18, 1741 through Nov. 1741.

• Captain Pratt's Company - #37 soldier, Gurley, Benj:n, Ds, 19 Jun. 1751, hospital ship 

His Majesty's Ship Princess Louisa Muster Book: American troops of Colonel Gooch's Regiment borne for victuals only per order of Vice Admiral Vernon, dated 16 December 1740 through June 1741/42:

• #27 Morgan, John, #14D. 6 Apr. 1741
• Captain Bushrod's Company listed

His Majesty's ship Princess Louisa muster book - a list of supernumeraries of the American troops borne for victuals only per order of Vice Admiral Vernon, June and July 1741, through December 1740/41. 

• #14 soldier, Morgan, John, enlisted 3 Oct. 1741 Scarborough

His Majesty's hospital ship Scarborough muster book - list of American troops borne for victuals, July 1740/41 to Jan. 1742/43. [Princess Louisa]

• #4 Corporal , Morgan, Jn:o, enlisted 2 Dec. 1741, Pr. Royal 

Poll for Frederick County, Dec. 11, 1755, list of voters

• Joseph McDowel
• Tallifero Stribling
• Captain John Denton
• Samuel Denton
• Peter Woolfe

Poll taken at the election of Burgesses, Frederick Co., VA, May 18, 1761

• Taliaferro Stripling
• John Tipton

A monthly return of Captain [George] Mercer's Company, VA, Sept. 1, 1756, mentions John Morgan discharged Aug. 29. 

Payroll of Captain George Mercer's Company, Oct. 1756, Virginia Militia

• #3 private, Stribling, James

Size roll of Captain Mercer's Company, Aug. 2, 1756, Virginia Milita, a weekly return of Colonel [George] Washington's Company, Winchester Aug. 7, 1756, signed by John McNeill

• #8 Sam:l Stripling, age 33, 5' 6" Virginia, carpenter, enlisted 12/1754, Caroline Co. 
• #26 John Morgan, age 19, 5' 6" Virginia, planter, enlisted 5/1756 Caroline Co. 

Bibliography:

• Aldridge, Frederick "Organization & Administration of the Militia System of Colonial Virginia," PhD dissertation, American University, 1964.
• Caldwell, Norman. "The Southern Frontier During King George's War," Journal of Southern History, Vol. 7, Feb-Nov 1941, pp. 37-54.
• Foote, William Alfred. "The American Independent Companies, PhD dissertation, University of California, 1966.

• "American Units of the British Regular Army," typed mss. Margaret Davis Cate Collection, Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, GA

• Irvine, Dallas. "The First British Regulars in North America," Military Affairs, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1945, pp. 337-354.
• Morgan, Gwenda. "Virginia & the French & Indian War," The Virginia Magazine of History & Biography Vol. 81, 1973, pp. 23-48.
• Schlesinger, Arthur. "Maryland's Share in the Last Intercolonial War," Maryland Historical Magazine, Vol. 7, Nos. 2-3, Jun-Sep. 1912, pp. 119-149; 243-268.
• Scisco, Louis. "Evolution of Colonial Militia in Maryland," Maryland Historical Magazine, Vol. 35, No. 2, June 1940, pp. 166-177
• Wheeler, Milton. "Development & Organization of the North Carolina Militia,"The North Carolina Historical Review, Vol. 41, 1964, pp. 307-323.
• Young, Chester. "The Effects of the French & Indian War on Civilian Life in the Frontier Counties of Virginia, 1754-1763," PhD dissertation, Vanderbilt University, 1969.

---

Goodrich, John. Rolls of the Soldiers in the Revolutionary War 1775 to 1783, Rutland, VT: The Tuttle Company, 1904. 

Capt. Set Hodges' Company - a pay roll of Capt. Seth Hodges' Company in Col. Joseph Marsh's Regiment of Militia, for the bounty allowed by the State of Vermont.  Pomfret, Oct. 7, 1777

• Stephen Tilden engaged Aug. 16, 50 days, discharged Oct. 4, per month £2.10, 180 miles, total £4.18.4.  Probably the same Stephen Tilden b. 1724 Lebanon, CT, d. 1813 Hartford, VT, md. Abigail Richardson, father of Stephen Tilden who married Roxalena Powell.  
• Josiah Tilden engaged Aug. 16, 26 days, discharged Oct. 4 per month £2.10, 180 miles, total £4.18.4. 

Capt. Joshua Hazen's Company - a pay roll of Capt. Joshua Hazen's Company in Col. Wood's Reg't. that marched to Brookfield in the Alarm, Oct. 1780. 

• Corpl. Stephen Tilden 3 days, £4.2 wages due, 40 miles, £13.4 amount traveled, total £17.6
• Josiah Tilden 3 days, £4 wages due, 40 miles, £13.4 amount traveled, total, £17.4
• Rowland Powell 3 days, £4 wages due, 40 miles, £13.4 amount traveled, total £17.4 grandpa
• Rowland Powell, Jr. 3 days, £4 wages due, 40 miles, £13.4 amount traveled, total £17.4, grandpa
• Luther Powell 3 days, £4 wages due, 40 miles £13.4 amount traveled, total £17.4, uncle
• Calvin Powell, 3 days £4 wages due, 40 miles traveled, total £17.4 
• Stephen Tilden 3 days, £4 wages due, 40 miles traveled, total £17.4 probably Stephen Tilden who married Roxalena Powell in 1785

Capt. Samuel McClure's Company - a pay roll of Capt. Saml. McClure's Company at Dresden on an alarm at Newbury the 8th of March, 1781.

• Charles Tilden, Sergt. 25 miles, £0.8.4 price, 3 days, £0.4.9 wages, total £0.13.1
• Stephen Tilden 25 miles, £0.8.4 price, 3 days, £0.4.0 wages, total £0.12.4

Capt. Joshua Hazen's Company - a pay roll of Capt. Joshua Hazen's Company, who marched to Piermont, upon Gen. Bailey's request, March 9, AD 1781, in the Alarm of Peacham.

• Stephen Tilden Jr., Corpl. 2 days, £3.0 wages due, 30 miles from, 30 miles home, £0.10.0 amount traveled, total £0.013.2
• Josiah Tilden 2 days, £2.8 wages due, 30 miles from, 30 miles home, £0.10.0 amount traveled, total £0.12.8
• Luther Powell 2 days, £2.8 wages due, 30 miles from, 30 miles home, £0.10.0 amount traveled, total £0.12.8
• Calvin Powell 2 days, £2.8 wages due, 30 miles from, 30 miles home, £0.10.0 amount traveled, total £0.12.8
• Stephen Tilden 2 days, £2.8 wages due, 30 miles from, 30 miles home, £0.10.0 amount traveled, total £0.12.8

Attest, Joshua Hazen, Captain. Pay table office, Bennington, June 22d, 1781. The within account examined and approved and the Treasurer is directed to pay the same Capt. Joshua Hazen or bearer, being twenty-two pounds one shilling and eight pence. 

Thos. Fassett, Timo. Brownson Committee.  June 23, 1781. Recd. in full £22.1.8 Elkanah Sprague

Capt. Abner Seely's Company - true list of (the names and sums of ) Capt. Abner Seely's Pay Roll of himself and company in the service of the State of Vermont, from the beginning of the campaign, 1781 to the 30th of June in said year, inclusive, taken from the original 

• Joel Tilden £2.9.4
• Stephen Tilden £2.9.4

Capt. John Benjamin's Company - true list of (the names and sums of) Capt. John Benjamin's pay roll of himself and company for services in the State of Vermont, from the beginning of the campagin, 1781, to the 30th of June in said year, inclusive, taken from the original. 

• Corpl. Stephen Tilden £8.16.0

Capt. John Benjamin's Company - a pay roll of Capt. John Benjamin's Company in Col. Benj. Wait's Battalion in the service of the state of Vermont, commencing the 1st day of July, 1781 and ending the 30th day of November 1781 inclusive. 

• Corpl. Stephen Tilden, commencement of pay July 1st, ending Nov. 27, 150 days in service, pay and subsistence per day £0.1.5 1/2, 20 miles, pay per miles 2 pence, total £11.2.1

Capt. Abner Seelye's Company - a pay roll of Capt. Abner Seelye's Company in Col. Benj. Wait's Battalion in the service of the State of Vermont, from the first day of July 1781 to the 30th day of November 1781, inclusive.

• Joel Tilden commencing July 1, 1781, ending Nov. 9, 1781, 132 days, £0.1.4 per day, -- miles, £10.16.0 total
• Stephen Tilden commencing July 1, 1781, ending Nov. 9, 1781, 132 days, £0.1.4 per day, -- miles, £8.16.0 total

Note - this table cannot be accurately reproduced in type. Either a name has been omitted near the end of column 1 or there is an overplus of figures in columns 3, 4 and 8. 

A return of another guard that guarded said Major Wright

• Stephen Tilden 3 days and 3 nights £1.16.0 - I didn't copy the page that includes the date for this entry.

A Return of a Scout sent by Capt. Hazen, Jan. 1778

• Andrew Tracy, Stephen Tilden and Wm. Allen, out 7 days at 12 shillings pr. day pr. man, finding their own provisions £12.12.0

Board of War - voted in the Convention at Dorset, 27 Sept. 1775, that Mr. Simeon Hathaway, Dr. Jonas Fay, Nathan Clark, Esq. Lieut. Joseph Bradley, Lieut. Martin Powell, Mr. Cephas Kent, Capt. Joseph Bowker, Capt. Joseph Woodward and Nehemiah How be a Committee of War [Gov. & Council, I, p. 33]

---

Moss, B.G. Roster of the Patriots in the Battle of Moores Creek Bridge, Scotia-Hibernia, 1992.

Battle fought Feb. 27, 1776, 18 miles north of Wilmington in present Pender County, NC between North Carolina revolutionaries under James Moore, Richard Caswell & Alexander Lillington and South Carolina loyalists under Donald McDonald, Donald McLeod & John Campbell.  The North Carolina militia won with only 1 killed and 1 wounded. 

• Gurley, Edward of Dobbs Co., served as a sergeant under Capt. William Fellow & Col. Abraham Sheppard. Since his officers participated in the battle of Moores Creek Bridge, Gurley was possibly in the encounter. Journal A, p.  101. 
• Gurley, William of Johnston Co., served under Capt. Needham Bryan & Lt. Col. William Bryan. Since, according to Caswell, Bryan participated in the battle of Moores Creek Bridge, Gurley was possibly in the encounter, Journal A, p. 33, Paper, II, 13. 

---

U.S. Census Office. A Census of Pensioners for Revolutionary or Military Services; With Theri Names, Ages & Places of Residence . . . , Blair & Rives, 1841.

---

Vermont Adjutant General. Roster of Soldiers in the War of 1812-14, St. Albans, VT: The Messenger Press, 1933.

Napoleon, dominating Europe after the tremendous battle of Austerlitz in 1805, issued decrees declaring the continent closed to British goods, and ordered all vessels seized that touched at a British port. England, still master of the seas when Admiral Nelson shattered the combined fleets of France and Spain off Cape Trafalgar in October of the same year, retaliated by seizing all merchant vessels which did not touch at British ports; and in consequence American ocean trade, caught between these two orders, was so heavily reduced that in 1808-1809, President Madison tried by desperate diplomacy to bribe England and France to bid against each other for our trade. It happened at this time that British seamen deserted to the higher paid and better treated American merchantmen; and England, contemptuous of American naval weakness, exercised the "right of search" on American vessels to recover her sorely needed seamen.  In May 1811, our frigate President, chasing a British cruiser on which a Massachusetts citizen was impressed, was fired upon by a British sloop of war. American indignation was great. After Governor Harrison of the Northwest Territory had reported British ammunition in the hands of Indians, and Henry Clay's brilliant oratory had stirred great popular excitement, President Madison wrote a fiery message against British outrages, and on June 18, 1812, Congress declared war.

The United States was woefully unprepared. The regular army numbered less than seven thousand men, many of them raw recruits. Our fifteen ships had to match England's one thousand.  Much went amiss. The commander at Detroit was courtmartialed and sentenced to death for timid abandonment of his post, and the generals at the other end of Lake Erie fought duels over mutual charges of cowardice instead of advancing against the enemy. Clay had boasted that the Conquest of Canada could be accomplished by a small body of militia, but events proved that except for the victory of Perry's little Lake Erie fleet and  Macdonough's brilliant manoeuvers on Lake Champlain, we could hardly have been saved from a disastrous British invasion from Canada. Cheered by Perry's famous dispatch "We have met the enemy and they are ours," Harrison recaptured Detroit, but in August, 1814, a small British force raided Washington and burned the city.  Fortunately for us, however, England was principally engaged in fighting France, so that the United States had had time to build a few necessary ships. Though our Navy was still small the exploits of such frigates as Old Ironsides proved the genius of American seamanship, and by a series of surprising triumphs kept the country in a fever of rejoicing. The war was disastrous to American exports, but fortunately our Navy in two years had captured some 2000 British merchantmen, and England, worn by trouble on all sides, signed peace with us at Ghent on Christams eve, 1814.

Such in brief are the facts relating to the War of 1812. Vermont's position as a state bordering both on Lake Champlain and Canada laid her open to especial danger, and made her part in the campaigns particularly important.  When British impressment of American seaman had first stirred the nation in 1807, the Vermont Legislature adopted, by a vote of 169 to 1, a resolution which they forwarded to President Jefferson in which they declared: "And we do further for ourselves and for our constituents declare that, fearless of the dangers to [which] we may be exposed as a frontier state, we shall be ever ready to obey the call of our common country, whenever it shall be necessary either for the purposes of redress or vengeance.  [Vt. Assembly Journal 1807, p. 230.]  Jefferson though not needing the help of Vermonters at the time, replied that their sentiments were "worthy of their known patriotism." Again in 1809, after further outrages, the Legislature sent a similar message to President Madison, who received with equal gratitude. Consequently when Madison issued his proclamation of war, Governor Jonas Galusha and the legislature sustained the government and passed laws immediately to prohibit intercourse with Canada.

But it must be understood that, though Vermonters could be stirred to patriotic fury by British indignities on the high seas, they were not all so eager to see their livelihood endangered by laws forbidding commerce with Canada.  In consequence Galusha and the Democratic legislature were opposed in the 1813 elections by the Federalists who succeeded by a hotly contested vote of 112 to 111 in declaring Martin Chittenden as governor - a man who opposed the war. 

Yet there was no doubt as to the loyalty of the state as a whole. At the outbreak of the war, after Congress had authorized the President to detach and organize 100,000 men for federal service, and the Secretary of War had apportioned 3000 to Vermont, the state promptly responded to the requisition, and Adjutant General David Fry, by command of Governor Galusha, ordered out four regiments of ten companies each, which were in service at Plattsburgh by September, 1812. 

Their loyalty did not blind them to their interests and better judgments, for the state was not in sympathy with all of President Madison's policies, and on November 2, 1812, the Vermont House of Representatives adopted a resolution by a substantial majority to be sent to the President, in which they declared "that this assembly have the fullest confidence that the constituted authorities will at all times be anxious to bring the said war to a close, when it can be done consistently with the honor and interest of our country," and "that although this assembly deem it their duty to give to the general government every aid in their power, in the prosecution of the present hail the happy day when the war shall be brought to an honorable conclusion." [Vt. Assembly Journal 1812, p. 179.]  Acting in harmony with the Federal Government, the state legislature of 1812-13 passed acts to forbid unauthorized traffic through or from Vermont into Canada, but resentment against financial losses resulting from such laws was so widespread that the acts were repealed in November, 1813. 

Within the state the people were not prepared for war. The northern towns lived in constant fear of Indian incursions from Canada, and many citizens abandoned their houses and farms.  Though the fear seems to have been unfounded, a small detachment of troops was stationed at North Troy, and the selectmen of several towns furnished and supported guards for the frontier villages of Troy, Derby and Canaan. 

On November 6, 1812, the legislature authorized the raising of a volunteer corps of sixty-eight companies (two brigades) for the service of the Federal Government, and by 1814 the entire male population of Vermont - aged from sixteen to sixty - volunteered for service on the occasion of the invasion of Plattsburg, though only those who lived nearby reached Plattsburg in time to engage in the battle.  But there were scattering detachments that saw service elsewhere outside the state, principally in the campaign of 1814 on the Niagara frontier; and such men as were in that campaign served in the brigade under the immediate command of General Winfield Scott in the battles of Chippewa Plain and Lundy's Lane, and under Major General Brown in the terrific night battle of Fort Erie, August 15, 1814. For the most part, the Vermonters who served in the Regular Army were in the 11th, 26th, 30th and 31st Infantry.  The 11th was organized in 1812, and served for the duration of the war - nearly three years. The other three were organized in the spring of 1813, to serve for one year, though a remnant of the 30th and 31st was in the Battle of Plattsburg in September 1814. 

The plan of the 1812 campaign was to garrison coast fortifications with local militia together with some Regulars, while the main forces invaded Canada from Detroit and Niagara. The Plattsburg army was designed to protect the Vermont and New York frontiers, and , therefore, nearly one-half its strength was recruited from Vermont. The year 1813, as far as Vermont was concerned, was given over to a vigorous but futile enforcement of the non-intercourse act of November 6, 1812, and to repelling the British incursions from the north. A British force of fifty-two boats and fourteen hundred men under Colonel Murry set out on a marauding expedition up and down Lake Champlain. Major General Wade Hampton with three or four thousand men stationed himself at Burlington where he repeatedly called for but did not receive additional aid. Fortunately, however, the British demonstration against Burlington on August 2, 1813, was of small importance, and the invading troops moved on to Swanton where they did minor damage. Again on December 27th, British troops destroyed public storehouses and barracks at Derby.

In November, 1813, a portion of the militia of the third brigade and third division of Vermont militia, under Lieutenant Colonel Luther Dixon, crossed the Lake into New York and put themselves under Hampton's command. But Governor Chittenden, who was opposed to the war in the first place, and who believed that the militia should be employed only within the state "to suppress insurrections and repel invasions," ordered them to return.  But the entire militia was thoroughly disgusted with the Governor's proclamation, and Captain Sanford Gadcomb drew up a reply, signed by all the officers, in which he spoke in part as follows:

"We shall take the liberty to state to your Excellency, plainly, our sentiments on this subject.  We consider your proclamation as a gross insult to the officers and soldiers in service, inasmuch as it implies that they are so ignorant  of their rights as to believe that you have authority to command them in their present situation, or so abandoned as to follow your insidious advice. We cannot regard your proclamation in any other light than as an unwarrantable stretch of executive authority, issued from the worst of motives, to effect the basest purposes. It is, in our opinion, a renewed instance of that spirit of disorganization and anarchy which is carried on by a faction to overwhelm our country with ruin and disgrace. We cannot perceive what other object your Excellency could have in view than to embarrass the operations of the Army, to excite mutiny and sedition among the soldiers and induce them to desert, that they might forfeit the wages to which they are entitled for their patriotic services."

Nevertheless the militia returned before their service had expired, and no further notice was taken of the transaction. Without more notable incident the northern campaign of 1813 ended. 

Through the early months of 1814 there were frequent British marauding expeditions upon the northern frontier, but never did the encounters break into extensive hostilities.  On the Lake, however, the war assumed a serious complexion. On May the 14th, the British fleet opened fire on the battery at the mouth of Otter Creek, where Commander Macdonough, descending the river with his sloop of war and several galleys, forced the enemy to retreat without losing a man. A few days later Macdonough entered the Lake with his fleet and anchored at Cumberland Bay.  At the same time Vermonters were enlisting the Plattsburg army, attached to the 30th and 31st U.S. Regulars, and on the 11th of September the double battle - on land and water - took place.  The ridiculously small and ill-trained land forces astonished the nation and the world by defeating a superior British force; and Commander, now Captain Macdonough in a naval battle which still ranks as one of the major sea encounters in American history, effectively put an end to the British expectations of success across the American frontier, and thus hastened the treaty of peace which was signed on December 24th of the same year. 

For those who may care to investigate the subject of the War of 1812 further, and especially Vermont's part in it, the following sources and histories are suggested:

Vermont newspapers:

• The Vermont Republican
• The Washingtonian
• Spooner's Vermont Journal
• The Northern Sentinel 

Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Volumes 5 and 6.

Vermont Assembly Journals, 1805-1815

Vermont Historical Magazine

H. Adams. History of the United States during the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison, 9 volumes.

W.H. Crockett, History of Vermont, 4 volumes

B.J. Lossing. Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812

J.B. McMaster, History of the People of the United States, Volumes 3 and 4.

P.S. Palmer. History of Lake Champlain from 1609 to the close of the year 1814.

J.B. Wilbur, Ira Allen. 2 volumes. 

Lathrop, Adgate, of Pittsford, volunteered to go to Plattsburgh, September 1814 and served 8 days as a waggoner in Capt. Caleb Hendee's Company. Ref: Book 52 AGO Page 125.

Lathrop, Charles, served in Col. Fifield's Regt. Detached Militia in U.S. service 6 months, 1812

Lathrop, Erastus (or Lothrop) Sergeant, Served from Sept. 25 to Nov. 6, 1813 in Capt. Amos Robinson's Company, Dixon's Regt. probably Russell's brother. 

Lathrop, Gideon C., Corporal served from June 11 to June 14, 1814 in Capt. Moses Jewett's Company, 1st Regt., 2nd Brig. and Div. Also served as a Corporal in 4 Regt. (Williams') Vt. Militia.

Lathrop, Howland. Served in Capt. Kies' Company, pension certificate No. 31062.

Lathrop, John (or Lothrop) Burlington. Served from June 11 to June 14, 1813 in Capt. Moses Jewett's Company, 1st Regt. 2nd Brig. 3rd Div. Volunteered to go to Plattsburgh, September 1814 and served in Capt. Henry Mayo's Company.

Lathrop, Nathan. Served in Capt. Barns' Company, Col. Wm. Williams' Regt. Detached Militia in U.S. service 5 months, 1812. Ref: Book 53 AGO page 67; Vol. 51, Vt. State Papers, page 115.

Lathrop, Nathaniel. Served in 3 Regt. (Tyler's) Vt. Militia.

Lathrop, Russell. Enlisted Sept. 25, 1813 and served 1 month and 17 days in Capt. Amos Robinson's Company , Col. Dixon's Regt. Ref: Book 52 AGO page 271; Book 53 AGO page 113.  Grandpa. 

Lathrop, Urbana. Volunteered to go to Plattsburgh, September 1814 and served in company of Capt. Joel Barnes of Chelsea. Ref: Book 52, AGO page 271; Book 53, AGO page 113.

Lathrop, Uriel or Azariah? served in Capt. Hotchkiss' Company, Col. Martindale's Regt. Detached Militia in U.S. service 2 months and 13 days, 1812.

Lathrop, Wells served from Jan. 6, 1813 to July 1, 1813 in Lieut. Wm. S. Foster's Company, 11th Regt.; served as a musician. Ref: R. & L. 1812, AGO page 6

Lathrope, Mijah Sergeant, Enlisted April 26, 1813 for 1 year in Capt. Daniel Farrington's Company 30th Regt. (also commanded by Capt. Simeon Wright); on Muster Roll from March 1 to April 30, 1814. Ref: R& L 1812, AGO page 50. 

---

White, Virgil. Genealogical Abstracts of Revolutionary War Pension Files, Vol. I: A-E, Waynesboro, TN: National Historical Publishing Company, 1990.

Coy, Christopher, Elizabeth, W9798, Maryland Line, soldier lived in Maryland at enlistment in 1807 soldier was living Garrard Co., Kentucky, soldier applied 6 Nov. 1821 Madison Co., KY aged 60, soldier & widow married 12 or 15 April 1773 or 1775 or 1776 & it was stated "probably in Worcester Co.," Soldier d. 12 Oct. 1839 Lawrence Co., Illinois, widow applied 15 Nov. 1839 Parke Co., Indiana aged 84 & in 1844 she was living in Lawrence Co., Illinois.  Children mentioned as some living in Indiana in 1828 & in 1840 a son John Coy was aged 47 & stated that he had 3 brothers and 3 sisters living, soldier's son Samuel was aged 60 in 1840 & soldier's daughter Anna or Amy Smith was aged 65 or 66 in 1843, a resident of Lawrence Co., Illinois. 

Christopher Coy b. 1761 MD (?), d. 1839 Lawrence Co., IL md. 

Elizabeth (--?--) b. 1755 MD (?), d. 

Samuel Coy b. 1780

John Coy b. 1793

unnamed son

Anna / Amy Coy b. ca. 1778 md. (--?--) Smith

unnamed daughter

unnamed daughter

Doggett, Richard, BLW #1983-300, SC (?) & VA Line, soldier's father Bushrod Doggett & his wife (not named) lived in Fauquier Co., VA at the start of the Rev. War & they raised a family in that county but the only names shown were: Benjamin, the claimant Richard, George, Joel & Susanna or Susannah, it was stated soldier's father had 4 sons in the Rev. War, the said Benjamin served for VA & died during the Rev. War about 1779 & his son Thomas Doggett was of Bath Co., KY in 1832.  The claimant Richard Doggett served as a captain in the VA Line from Fauquier Co., VA & was killed in the battle of Stone, soldier's nephew Thomas son of his brother Benjamin applied 5 June 1832 Bath Co., KY as only heir, soldier's sister Susannah m. Charles Morgan a son of William Morgan of Fauquier Co., VA & she died prior to 1833 Kentucky & in 1833 her son Willis Morgan & her son John Morgan lived in Kentucky in 1833 and 1832 respectively, on 14 Jun 1832 Richard Doggett stated at Washington, Mason Co., KY that he was aged 62 on 10 Oct. next & that he lived with his mother in King George Co., VA when his father was killed & he lived with his grandparents until they died & he was aged about 19 when they died (the said Richard was an illegitimate son of soldier & he did not [know] name of his mother.)

---

White, Virgil. Genealogical Abstracts of Revolutionary War Pension Files, Vol. II: F-M, Waynesboro, TN: National Historical Publishing Company, 1991

Fitzgerald, Daniel or Daniel Fitzjarrell, S31028, VA Line, see Daniel Fitzjarrell.

Fitzjarrell, Daniel or Daniel Fitzgerald, S31028, VA Line, soldier lived in Rockingham Co., VA at enlistment then moved to Augusta Co., VA & in 1816 moved to Kentucky applied 15 Apr. 1833 Franklin Co., KY aged 76, soldier was bo. in 1757 in Orange Co., VA. uncle

Fitzjarrell, James or James Fitzjarrall, R3585, VA Line, applied 10 Aug. 1835 Pike Co., IN aged between 85 & 90, soldier enlisted at Staunton in Augusta Co., VA.  Soldier's brother Daniel Fitzjarrell was mentioned, soldier's son Johnson FitzJarrall signed power of attorney 30 June 1853 in Gibson Co., IN, soldier d. 21 Mar. 1836 leaving a widow who d. 13 Sept. 1838 & they had m. in Albemarle Co., VA according to a Wm. Reavis on 30 Jun. 1853 at Princeton, IN. grandpa

Galbrath, James, soldier had rec'd an invalid pension from 4 Mar. 1789 at $60 per annum, sol. d. 23 Feb. 1805.  His papers were burned in the War Office fire of 1800 or when the British burned Washington in 1814.

Galbraith, Alexander or Alexander Galbreath, S41558 PA Line, applied 21 April 1818 Cumberland Co., PA aged 58, a resident of Dickinson Township PA. Soldier enlisted in Carlisle Co., PA in 1820 soldier had a wife and children (none were named), soldier d. 15 Jan. 1823.  Born 1760.

Galbreath, Alexander BLW#9474-100-16 Jul. 1789, served as drummer in the PA Line.

Galbreath, Josiah, BLW#9440-10-20 June 1789, served as Cpl in the PA Line

Galbreath, William, Phebe, W23093, PA & VA Line soldier w born in Oct. 1757 in York Co., PA & lived in Westmoreland Co. PA when enlisted and later enlisted in Berkeley Co., VA.  Soldier applied 8 Nov. 1832 Scott Co., IN & soldier died 3 May 1839 in Coles Co., IL & widow applied there 19 Jul. 1843 aged 72, children were mentioned but none were named.  Soldier married Phebe Foreman on 27 March 1788 in Philadelphia, PA.

Gilbreath, Thomas, S38737 PA Line, applied 10 June 1818 Jefferson Co., TN aged 67, soldier enlisted in Northampton Co., PA in 1829 soldier had a wife Elizabeth aged 68 & in 1818 he referred to 3 children but only a son Samuel was named.  Soldier died Feb. 5, 1829.

Grove, John, Margaret Ann, #1756, PA Line, sol appl 10 Apr. 1833 Jefferson Co., KY soldier was b. 22 July 1750 about 7 miles from Philadelphia PA & he lived there at enlistment & after the Rev. War he moved to NC then to KY & lived in Jefferson & Shelby Co. KY. Soldier md. 17 Aug. 1819 to Margaret Ann Newkirk in Jefferson Co., KY. Soldier died 11 Dec. 1843 in Monroe Co., MO where he lived only a few months with a son Martin Grove, Widow applied 29 June 1853 jefferson Co., KY aged 88 & was living with a daughter Mary Newkirk, Soldier's dau. Mary Speer or Spear was of Shelby Co., KY in 1835, the son Martin was aged 60 in 1853 a resident of Monroe Co., MO. Soldier's 1/2 brother Philip Hinkle served in the Rev. War.  The following were mentioned but no relationship was stated, towit: Jesse Hinkle, Jacob Grove both served in the Rev. War & in 1835 a Charles Hinkle, Sr. & Charles Hinkle Jr. were of Shelby Co., KY & in 1838 a W.I. Grove in 1838 was mentioned & in 1853 a Jacob Newkirk of Jefferson Co. KY had known widow from infancy. Grandpa. 

Gurley, Isham, R4393 NC Line, applied 17 Apr. 1832 Pickens Co., AL, he was b. 17 Jan. 1759 in Johnston Co., NC & he lived there at enlistment & after the Rev. War he moved to Anson Co., NC for 10 years then to Buncombe Co., NC then to Pendleton District, SC then to Pickens Co. AL

Gurley, Jeremiah, S13231 NC Line, soldier was the son of John & Elizabeth Gurley & he was b. 29 Dec. 1759 in Johnson Co., NC.  Applied 30 Oct. 1832 Madison Co., AL where he had moved with his family in 1817 from Maury Co., TN.  Shortly after the Rev. War he had moved to Georgetown District SC for 10 years, then returned to Johnston Co., NC for 10 years then moved to Maury Co., TN.  Soldier's father's children were Robert b. 6 Mar. 1764 or 45 & d. 28 Nov. 1760, Joel b. 30 May 1747, William b. 16 Oct. 1749, Edwards b. 13 Aug. 1752, Lewis b. 6 Mar. 1755, Lazarus b. 4 Dec. 1757, Jeremiah the soldier b. 29 Dec. 1759, George b. 29 Jul. 1762 & John b. 14 Sep. 1769 & he d. 27 Aug. 1771.

Gurley, Joseph, Mary  W4973, NC Line, soldier married Mary Carter in Jan. 1780 (the license was issued 10 Jan. 1780) in Johnston Co., NC.  Soldier died 10 march 1828, widow applied 6 Jan. 1845 Johnston Co., NC aged 91.

Hinkle, Casper or Caspar Hinkel, S16875, NC Line, soldier was b. in 1762 at Philadelphia, PA & he lived in Rowan Co., NC at enlistment & in 1814 he moved to Shelby Co., KY & in 1823 he moved to Perry Co., MO & he applied there 29 Nov. 1833. uncle 

---

White, Virgil. Genealogical Abstracts of Revolutionary War Pension Files, Vol. III: N-Z, Waynesboro, TN: National Historical Publishing Company, 1992

Speer, William, NC Line S11446, BLW #39215-160-55, soldier was b. 1758 on the Eastern shore of Maryland & he lived with his father (not named) in Surry Co., NC at enlistment & served part of the time as an ensign in Capt. Henry Speer's Co.  In 1801 soldier moved from NC to KY & in 1824 he moved to AL.  Applied 13 Feb. 1856 Jefferson Co., AL age 97 & he also applied there for BLW 5 Dec. 1855.  A daughter referred to only as Mrs. Jacks was of Jefferson Co., AL in 1856 & a granddaughter (not named) was of Jefferson Co., AL in 1856.  Other children of soldier are referred to, but not named. Soldier's brother-in-law Abraham Estep was of NC at the end of the Rev. The Capt. Henry Speer under whom Wm. Speer served was his brother.  In 1856 James K. Jacks & Gilbert C. Jacks were both of Jefferson Co., AL but their relationship, if any, to soldier was not given. 

Stout, Elijah, VA Line S15662, soldier was b 1743 in Hunterdon Co., NJ & he lived in Culpeper Co., VA at enlistment & in 1798 he moved to Scott Co., KY & in 1802 he moved to Spencer Co., KY where he applied 14 Jan. 1834.

Stout, Reuben, VA Line, S14574 soldier was b. 20 June 1761 in NJ, he lived in Prince William Co. VA at enlistment & after the Revolution he moved to Culpeper CO. VA for 20 yrs & in 1798 he moved to Shelby Co., KY where he applied 10 Nov. 1832.