Armagh County Council. Armagh County Guide, Belfast, Ireland: Nicholson & Bass, nd.The name Armagh comes from the Irish Ard Macha (the height of Macha) the legendary queen, who during this period (Iron Age), had a palace or fortress on the hill which forms the nucleus of the city of Armagh and from the town the county takes its name. Later, about 300 BC, a second queen macha moved the centre of power a few miles west and built Emain Macha or the Navan Fort, an enclosure of about 12 acres surrounded by trench and rampart. For some 700 years Emain Macha served as the inauguration place for the Kings of Ulster and was the centre of law and learning for the ancient province.
In 444 AD St. Patrick came to Armagh City and established his principal church in Ireland on the hilltop given to him by Daire, the local prince. As time passed and Christianity spread, Armagh increased in fame and with its churches, colleagues and schools grouped around the Cathedral on the hill-top, became one of those centres of learning which helped to keep the torch of knowledge burning in the Dark Ages in Europe when Ireland was the isle of saints and scholars.
In the 9th and 10th centuries the country suffered the incursions of the Norsemen or Vikings from Scandinavia where the harsh conditions in winter and over-population caused bands of pirates to sail south, at first, to pillage and plunder, but later to settle on the more hospitable lands of the European seaboard. The wealthy monastic establishments of Ireland attracted the rovers' attention and Armagh, along with the other church sites, was plundered many times when clergy, teachers and scholars were killed or taken into slavery, gold, silver and other valuables carried off and the churches burned.
The Book of Armagh, a ninth century manuscript, however, survived. It contains a life of St. Patrick, a copy of the New Testament and other material transcribed by Ferdomnach in 807 from older sources.
The Norsemen were, of course, resisted and often defeated, but another invasion from one of their settlements would follow. Niall, King of Ulster, lost his life when defending Armagh against a Norse army in 846 and a mound to his memory can be seen on the bank of the River Callan near the city. Brian Boru, High King of Ireland, finally destroyed the power of the Vikings in Ireland at the battle of Clontarf in 1014. He was killed on the battlefield and was buried on the north side of the cathedral in Armagh, which he had visited ten years earlier, leaving a tribute of twenty ounces of gold upon the altar. he rests near a son and a nephew who were also slain in that contest.
The Scandinavian invasion interrupted and diminished County Armagh's contribution to the history, not only of Ireland but of Europe, although the period of glory was not forgotten and Armagh never ceased to be a centre of learning and of the Christian faith in Ireland.
After the defeat of the Norsemen there followed years of warfare between the Irish septs as the O'Neills established their dominance over the area and with the coming of the Anglo-Normans in the 12th century County Armagh lay between the native Irish power centred under O'Neill at Dungannon and the English settlements in County Down. The city was sacked more than once during this period and in 1236 a castle was built on the hill of Armagh on a site granted to King Henry III by the Archbishop. The dissolution of the monasteries in 1537 finally destroyed the educational structure of Armagh and led to further disturbances in the country. In 1586 the Lord Deputy, Sir John Perrott, shired the country in the English manner and the county of Armagh came into existence, but the invaders' hold west of the river Bann was still very tenuous.
The county was not effectively held for the English until after Lord Mountjoy's campaign in 1601-1602 when he established and maintained forts at Moyry, where the keep may still be seen guarding the Gap of the North, at Mountnorris and at Charlemont. This campaign led to the surrender of O'Neill in 1603 and the breaking of the Celtic power in Ulster.
In 1608 King James I commenced the Plantation of Ulster. English and Scotch settlers were granted land in place of the native possessors and the grantees established their manors and built themselves fortified houses or bawns to protect themselves and their tenants. The granting to landholders of patents for markets and fairs caused traders and craftsmen to congregate at selected places and so the market towns of the county came into existence. When the Irish under Sir Phelim O'Neill attempted to regain their lost lands, the Civil War of 1641 brought much destruction and loss to the planters, many being completely ruined and numbers killed, but after the final defeat of the Irish the settlers returned to start again.
The 18th and 19th centuries were more peaceable and the prosperity of the county and consequently its towns increased.
Loughgall is an attractive village with houses of character, a manor house with fine grounds belonging to the Ministry of Agriculture and the ruins of an old church, in the burial ground of which are the vaults of the Copes, the Verners and many other county families. The property was granted to the Cope family at the Plantation of Ulster and did not pass from their hands until 1960.
Coldham, Peter. English Estates of American Colonists: American Wills & Administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 1700-1799, Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. 1980.
Linton, Ann, formerly of Rotherhithe, Surrey, but late of Philadelphia. Administration to Thomas Gilbert, surviving executor of the husband John Linton deceased; only next of kin sister Mary, wife of William Nichols, and niece Maria Butcher, spinster, a minor, cited but not appearing. (Nov. 1785).
Robertson, Moses, of St. Michael, Northumberland Co., Virginia. Administration to newton Keene, attorney for minor children John Willoughby, Moses and Frances Robertson in Virginia; relict Susannah Robertson having died before administering. April 1752.
Derry Youth & Community Workshop. Parish Maps of Ireland, Apollo, PA: Closson Press, 1988.
- County outline map of Ireland
- Baronies of the Province of Ulster
- Poor Law Unions of Ulster
- Dioceses of Ireland
- Probate Districts of Ireland
- Parishes of County Armagh
- Armagh Parish
- Kilmore Parish
Hargreaves-Mawdsley, R. Bristol and America: A Record of the First Settlers in the Colonies of North America, 1654-1685, Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1970.
For hundreds of years before [American] settlements were founded, Bristol was one of the great maritime centres of the world. She was the Venice of the West, and, excepting London, the largest and busiest port in England. Her natural position, sheltered by the gorge of the Avon, with a navigable stream running beneath her walls, marked her out as a great city.
Among the great tasks they essayed was that of discovering and exploring the mainland of North America. They also took a decisive part in the more arduous task of colonizing that primitive and inhospitable land. A century and a half were to elapse before that attempt was rewarded with even a modified success.
In the twenty-five years that followed, 10,000 English people sailed from the port of Bristol to take their part in colonizing Virginia, Maryland and other New England States. A few went to the Bermudas, but the majority to Virginia. the name of each one of these settlers is given in this book.
Bristol seaman in a Bristol ship first sighted the American sea-board, and emigrants from the port of Bristol were the first settlers in the new American colonies. In this book, which is compiled from the records of the Corporation of the City of Bristol, a list of more than 10,000 names is given of men and women who elected to begin a new life in Virginia, Maryland, and the West Indies between the years of 1654 and 1685. These people came from all parts of the British Isles, and sailed from the port of Bristol. They were of all classes. Some were landed gentry, ruined by the Civil War. Others were farmers, tradesmen, mechanics, and labourers. There was also an admixture of those who were leaving the country "for the country's good."
It is now necessary to say something of these [Virginia] colonists. Though known officially as "Servants of the Plantations," this name was a misnomer in the vast majority of cases. In the earlier days of the Virginia Company, their "servants," in return for their labours on the public land, received an allotment for themselves, and in course of time, by working out their period of service, became landholders. After the extinction of the Company, no change was made in the tenure of land. As before, fifty acres were granted to every free emigrant who went out at his own charge, and fifty more for every person whom he brought in.
For the first seven years all quit-rents were remitted, and the only condition imposed was that out of every fifty acres occupied, three should be cultivated within the year.
These terms were anything but onerous, and in the years following the Civil War in England there was a rush to take advantage of them.
In the list given here there are more than 10,000 names. All of them sailed from Bristol, and as at that time Bristol had a monopoly of the Virginia trade, this list gives the names of practically every person who left England for Virginia, Maryland, and the West Indies. As is inevitable in any large, number, these emigrants were of all sorts and conditions of men and women. A few of them were pardoned criminals; a small proportion were political prisoners. There were few ages in English history, when this resource insured so constant a supply. Penruddock's rebellion in 1655 and the Scottish rising in 1666 furnished their share of emigrants. Many Cavaliers rescued by the Civil War sought shelter and peace in this new home in the American Dominions.
There were also a number of children and apprentices who were kidnapped and sold to the plantations. But the vast majority were respectable and industrious men and women who bound themselves for a fixed term of service with the certainty of becoming freeholders at the end of that period. Many of these prospered. Others ultimately became overseers for the great planters. but whatever their material condition, all found in the new land a greater measure of liberty than they had enjoyed in England.
Servants to Foreign Plantations, Vol. I, 1654-63:
destination Virginia, John Jones (of Droitwich)
destination Virginia, James Sheppard (of Kingswood)
destination Virginia, Thomas Morgan (of Newport)
destination Virginia, ffrancis Morgan (of Persknott)
destination Virginia, Henry Morgan (of Bristol)
destination (no place given), David Morgan (of Treveane)
destination (no place given), Reece Jones (of Beltowes)
destination Virginia, William Morgan (of Pembrooke)
destination Virginia, William Hopkins (of London)
destination (no place given), William Hopkins
destination (no place given), Robert Jones
destination Virginia, Henry Jones (of Landethin)
destination Virginia, William Jones
destination Virginia, William Morgan (of Landaff)
destination Virginia, David Morgan (of Lowerddford)
destination (no place given), Rice Morgan (of Narbuth)
destination (no place given), Thomas Morgan (of Thornbury)
destination (no place given), Thomas Edwards
destination (no place given), Edward Hopkin (of Swansey)
destination (no place given), Thomas Morgan (of Cardiffe)
destination (no place given), Roger Doggett (of Porbery)
destination (no place given), William Morgan (of Millford)
destination (no place given), James Morgan (of Lanorth)
destination, Virginia, Richard Jones (of Taunton)
destination (no place given), David Morgan (of Cowbridge)
destination (no place given), Griffith Morgan (of Lantarnack)
destination (no place given) John Morgan (of Carlian)
destination Virginia, Thomas Morgan
destination Virginia, John Morgan (of Usk)
destination Virginia, James Morgan
destination Virginia, Thomas Jones
destination Virginia, John Morgan
destination Virgina, Thomas Morgan
destination Virginia, John Butler
destination Virginia, John Taylor
destination Virginia, Mathew Hopkins
destination Virginia, Henry Wolfe (Huntsman)
destination Virginia, Richard Jones
destination Virginia, Morgan Morgan
Servants to Foreign Plantations Vol. II, 1663-1679
destination Virginia, Jeremiah Taylor
destination Virginia, David Morgan
destination Virginia, Robert Sheapard
destination Virginia, Walter Morgan
destination Virginia, John Sheapard
destination Virginia, Thomas Morgan
destination Virginia, John Jones
destination Virginia, Peter Morgan
destination Virginia, Griffen Morgan
destination Virginia, Reece Morgan
destination Virginia, Howell Morgan
destination Virginia, Nicholas Sheppard
destination Virginia, Thomas Hunt
destination Virginia, John Jones
destination Virginia, William Morgan
destination Virginia, Thomas Buttler
destination Virginia, Joseph Sheappard
destination Virginia, George Morgan
destination New England, Samuell Hopkins
destination Virginia, George Harbert
destination Virginia, James Morgan
destination Virginia, Henery Butler (Baltimore)
destination Virginia, George Butler (Agreement)
destination Virginia, William Sheppard (Samuell & Mary)
destination Virginia, John Tayler
destination Virginia, William Hopkins
destination Virginia, Thomas Hopkins
destination Virginia, John Sheppard
destination Virginia, Stephen Beutler
destination Virginia, William Morgan
destination Virginia, John Morgan
destination Virginia, John Jones
destination Virginia, Edward Morgan
destination Virginia, John Hopkins
destination Virginia, Herbert Morgan (of Panteage, on the ship John)
destination Virginia, John Taylor (George)
destination Virginia, Stephen Morgan (ffrancis & Mary)
destination Virginia, William Morgan (ffrancis & Mary)
destination Virginia, Jeremiah Perry (William & Ann)
destination Virginia, Isaac Hopkins (George)
destination Virginia, John Jones (ffrancis & Mary)
Servants to Foreign Plantations, scattered entries: March 27, 1680-June 12, 1686
7/19/1680 George Morgan on the Samuel bound for Maryland
10/25/1680 Edward Hulbert on the Richard & James bound for Virginia
12/5/1680 William Tayler on the Unicorne bound for Virginia
10/2/1684 Cornelius Hunt of Castle Moreton on the Alithea bound for Maryland
10/25/1684 Richard Tayler of Court bound for Virginia
9/3/1685 Owen Morgan of Cardigan bound for Maryland or Virginia
9/19/1685 Benjamin Morgan of Llandwortis on the Unicorne bound for Pennsylvania
Kaminkow, Jack & Marion. A List of Emigrants from England to America, 1718-1759, Baltimore, MD: Magna Carta Book Company, 1966.
313 Breeden, Richard. St. Andrews, Holbourn, Middlesex. agent: John Taylor of London, yeoman, also chapman 4 yrs. St. Lucia 19. S. 2 Oct. 1722, 139
329 Brooke, Henry. Nantwich, Cheshire. A poor lad, agent: John Dykes of London, victuler, 8 yrs. Pennsylvania 15. M. 23 June 1720, 87
330 Brookes (Brooks), John. St. Andrews, Holbourn, Middlesex. agent: John Dykes of London, victuler, 6 yrs. Maryland or Pennsylvania. 17, S, 19 Jan. 1719, 14
331 Brooks (Brooke), Charles. Chere (Clare?) Market, London, Taylor and staymaker, agent: William Dick of London, mariner 5 yrs. Virginia, 19 S, 3 May 1751, 56
332 Brooks, George. Wisbitch (Wisbech) Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire a poor lad, agent: John Williams of Lambeth, Surrey, tobacconist 7 yrs. Virginia. 15, M. 6 April 1720, 66
334 Brooks, Samuel, Manchester, Lancashire. Cordwainter, agent: Neale Mackneale of London, Chapman, 4 yrs. Maryland 23 S. 19 Dec. 1729, 80
424 Butler, (Buttler) William. Reading, Berkshire and late of St. Lukes without Cripplegate, Middlesex, Drawer, agent: William Burge of London. Chapman. 5 yrs. Maryland 20 S 21 Jan. 1734, 3
818 Draper, Thomas. St. James, Westminster, agent: John Dykes of London, victuler, 4 yrs. Maryland 17 M 20 Aug. 1718, 26
819 Draper, William. St. Peters, Colchester, Essex, agent: John Dykes of London, victuler 5 yrs. Maryland 18 M. 15 Aug. 1718, 32
862 Edwards, Francis, Audlin (Audlem) Cheshire. agent: William Burge of London, chapman 5 yrs. Maryland 18, S. 27 Jan. 1729, 18
864 Edwards, John, Whittington, Shropshire, Taylor, agent: John Taylor of London, yeoman, also chapman, 4 yrs. Maryland 18 S 25 Aug. 1720, 114
865 Edwards, John. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, agent: James Gerald or Gerreld of Bishopgate, London, vintner 5 yrs. Pennsylvania 17 M, 30 June 1722, 41
866 Edwards, John. St. Margrets, Loathbury, London, John Taylor of London, yeoman, also chapman, 4 yrs. Jamaica 18 M 16 Jan. 1729, 7
868 Edwards, John, Covent Garden (London) Servant, agent: John Blackwood of London. Chapman 5 yrs. Maryland no age, S, 18 Nov. 1755, 11
2192 Porter, Aaron. St. Mary Magdalene, Bermondsey, Southwark, Pin maker, agent: William Cash of London, silk thrower, 5 yrs. Maryland 19, M. 26 Jan. 1729, 15
2193 Porter, Aaron. St. Mary Magdalene, Bermondsey, Southwark, Pin maker, agent: Alexander Cash of London, weaver. 4 yrs. Nevis or St. Christophers 19 M. 6 Nov. 1729, 11
2196 Porter, Thomas. St. Mary Magdalene, Bermondsey, Southwark, agent: John Dykes of London, victuler 6 yrs. Maryland 17 M. 26 Jan 1724, 24
2332 Robertson (Robinson) Hugh. Inverness, N. Britain. Labourer, Mother and father in Scotland, agent: Neale Mackneale of London, chapman 5 yrs. Maryland 18 S 26 Jan. 1736, 30
2335 Robinson, George. Hunnington, Lincolnshire. Turner and glazier, agent: Neale Mackneale of London, Chapman 4 yrs. Maryland 25, S 10 Feb. 1735, 3
2336 Robinson, James. St. Georges, Southwark, Cordwainer, agent: John Cook of London, Plasterer, or plain John Cook. 4 yrs. Maryland 21 M. 10 Feb. 1724, 66
2339 Robinson, John. Foredice (dyce) Bamf (Banff,) Scotland, agent: James Gerald or Gerreld of Bishopsgate, London, vintner 6 yrs. Maryland 16 M. 15 Feb. 1724, 69
2340 Robinson, John. Chatham, Kent. agent: William Cash of London. silk thrower, 5 yrs. Maryland 19, M. 5 Jan. 1729, 3
2341 Robinson, John, Barnstable, Devon, Gardner, agent: Neale Mackneale of London, Chapman, 5 yrs, Maryland 20, S. 18 Dec. 1729, 74
2342 Robinson, John. Rawclif(f)e, Yorkshire Miller, agent: Neale Mackneale of London, Chapman, 4 yrs. Pennsylvania 21 M. 17 March 1735, 14
2344 Robinson, (Robeson), John. St. Johns, Wapping, tailor. Father Alexander Robinson, agent: Neale Mackneale of London, Chapman 4 yrs. Maryland. 20 S. 11 Jan. 1737 3
2350 Robinson, Samuel(l). Spalden (Spalding) Lincolnshire. Coachman and gardner. agent: Christopher Veale of Shoreditch, Middlesex, woolcomber 4 yrs Maryland 40 S 3 Dec. 1723 114
2351 Robinson, Thomas. St. Martins in the Fields. Smith. agent: John Dykes of London, victuler, 4 yrs. Maryland 19 S 9 Jan. 1719 9
3034 Willson, John. St. Andrews. Holbourn. Curryer. agent: Peter Simpson of London, victuler 4 yrs. Pennsylvania 25 S 6 July 1728 9
3038 Willson (Wilson), Thomas. Chester, Gardner agent: Peter Simpson of London, victuler 5 yrs. Virginia 19 S 25 Feb. 1733 28
3042 Wilson, David. Edenborough, Scotland. Clerk agent: James Gerald or Gerreld of Bishopsgate, London, vintner 4 yrs Virginia 20 S 27 June 1721 49
3043 Wilson (Willson), James. Hackney, Middlesex. Hat maker agent: John Weasenham of Coleman St. London, barber 4 yrs. Maryland 19 S. 18 Nov. 1719, 90
3044 Wilson, John. St. Georges, Southwark, Surrey. agent: Peter Simpson of London, victuler 4 yrs. Pennsylvania 15 S 16 July 1728 36
3045 Wilson, John. Carli(s)le. Husbandman agent: Benjamin Wright & Co. of London, chapman 4 yrs. Maryland 25 S. 12 Oct. 1736 88
3048 Wilson, Richard. Spalding Lincolnshire, agent: James Gerald or Gerreld of Bishopsgate, London, vintner 7 yrs Maryland 17 S 30 Dec. 1723 124
3049 Wilson, Robert. Brunt Island (Burntisland, Fifeshire) Scotland. Apothecary and surgeon. agent: Samuel Crane of Charlestown, NC. Apothecary. 3 yrs. South Carolina no age S 20 Sep. 1753 26
Chapman = itinerant dealer or merchant, the slang term chap as applied to men and boys derives from this word.
Sherwood, George. American Colonists in English Records, Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1969.
In the Principal Probate Registry, London. PCC 66 File
1631, Sept. 4 - Brewer, John. citizen and grocer of London, in his will names "my father Thomas Brewer." "To my son John Brewer my plantacon in Virginia called Stawley hundred alias Bruer's Burrough." Mary my wife, son Roger, daughter Margaret, brother Thomas and his children.
Drake, Mr. Roger, my uncle, citizen and clothworker of London, admon. 13 May, 1636 to Brewer, alias Butler, Mary, the relict, during the minority of the children; the testator having died in Virginia.
Records of Sandwich, Kent, Year Books C and D, 1608-42
1634, March 4 [or a little later]
In the ship "Hercules" of Sandwich, John Witherley, master. [at least 97 passengers, no record of the number of sailors]
Tilden, Nathaniel, of Tenterden in Kent, yeoman, Lidia his wief. [grandparents]
Children: Joseph, Thomas, Stephen, Marie, Sara, Judeth, Lidia [grandfather]
Servants [of Nathaniel Tilden]:
Lapham, Thomas
Sutton, George
Ford, Edward
Jeakins, Edward
Couchman, Sara
Perien, Marie
Bennet, James
Austen, Jonas, of Tenterden and Constance his wif.
Children: Jonas, Lidia Robinson-Austen (sic), a little childe.
Brooke, Robert, of Maidstone in Kent, mercer, and Anne his wief
Children: Thomas, Samuel, Elys, Dorothie
Gallant, Abra & James
Hayward, Thos., of Aylesford in Kent, taylor & Susanna his wief.
Children: Thomas, John, Elizabeth, Susan & Martha
Witherell, William, of Maidstone, schoolmaster, & Mary his wief.
Children: Samuel, Daniel, Thomas
Richards, Anne, servant
Wise, Fannet not [Faintnot], Ashford, hempdresser
Boney, Thomas and Ewell, Edward, shoemakers, of Sandwich
Hatch, William, of Sandwich, merchant & Jane his wief. [probably a cousin]
Children: Walter, John, Willm., Anne, Jane
Servants [of William Hatch]:
Holmes, Wm.
Ketchrell, Joseph
Ketchrell, Simon
Jenings, Robt.
Sutton, Symon
Wells, Lydia
Hinkley, Sam'l of Tenterden & Sara his wief
Children: Susan, Sara, Mary & Elizab a kinswoman
Cole, Isaac, of Sandwich, carpenter & Joane his wief.
Children: Isaac and Jane
Champion, Thos. of Ashford
Besbeech, Thos. of Ashford Children: Mary & Alice
Egelden, Elizab., Jane, Sara & John [in children column].
Neuley, Thos. [servant]
Pacheury, Joseph [servant]
Love, Agnes [servant]
Lewis, John of Tenterden & Sarah his wief, & child Sara.
Harris, Parnell, of the parish of Bow in London
Sayers, Jas. of Northbourne, Kent, taylor
Starre, Comfort, of Ashford in Kent, chirurgeon
Children: Thomas, Comfort & Mary
Dunkin, Sam'l. [servant]
Turkey, John [servant]
Starre, Truth shall prevail [servant]
Rootes, Joseph of Great Chart
Mason, Emma of the parish of Eastwell, widow
Johnes, Margaret, wief of Willm., late of Sandwich, now of New England, painter
Best, John of the same parish [St. George, Canterbury], taylor
Brigden, Thos. of the same town [Faversham], husbandman and his wief and three children
In the Principal Probate Registry, London
PCC 153 Wooton
1651, July 24
Pecke, Robert, minister of the word of God at Hingham, Norfolk, in his will names "the children of Mason, Anne, my daughter, wife of Captain John, of Seabrooke on the river Connecticut in New England."
From printed Law Reports, Chancery
Atk. 2/254
Young vs. Peachy
AD 1741 Fox, Margaret, wife of Joseph and her husband went to South Carolina after 1726, "to secrete themselves from their creditors." He died in Aug. 1735 and she in 1735, without issue, intestate. She had a sister:
Young, Lydia, wife of (--?--) Young, married 1726, now plaintiff; both were daughters of Breedon, Zaccheus, who died in March, 1734, son of Sir Robert Breedon.
Smith, Cecil. The Phillimore Atlas and Index of Parish Registers, Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. 1984.
Maps of East Riding of Yorkshire, North Riding of Yorkshire, West Riding of Yorkshire, Central Wales, North Wales, South Wales, Kent, City of London
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